マタイによる福音書25章1－6のイエスの再臨の教義
The Doctrine of Jesus' Second Coming in Matthew 25:1-6
The parable of the ten virgins in Matthew 25:1-6 is a key biblical passage for understanding Jesus' teaching on his second coming. The passage describes a group of bridesmaids waiting for the arrival of the bridegroom, who represents Jesus. At midnight, a cry goes out, "Behold! The bridegroom is coming! Come out to meet him!" [3].
This parable is part of a larger eschatological discourse by Jesus, where he warns his disciples about the need to be prepared for his return. The sudden arrival of the bridegroom at midnight highlights the unexpected nature of Jesus' second coming [8]. The Tyndale House commentary on Matthew 25:6 notes that this parable emphasizes the importance of being prepared for Jesus' return, as the time of his coming is unknown [8].
The theme of Jesus' second coming is a significant aspect of New Testament eschatology. The apostle Paul writes about the expectation of Jesus' return in 1 Thessalonians, where he encourages believers to be prepared and watchful [2]. The cross-reference between Matthew 25:13 and 1 Thessalonians 5:6 suggests a connection between Jesus' teaching on his return and the apostolic understanding of the end times [2].
The biblical concept of Jesus' second coming is also linked to the idea of resurrection. The Tyndale House commentary on Revelation 20:5-6 explains that the first resurrection refers to the resurrection of believers, who will reign with Christ [6]. This understanding is rooted in Jesus' own teaching, as seen in John 5:29, and is a central aspect of Christian eschatology.
The Old Testament provides a foundation for the doctrine of Jesus' second coming. Isaiah 25:1-12 describes God's judgment and salvation, with the Tyndale House commentary noting that this passage is part of the "Little Apocalypse" [5]. The connection between Isaiah 6:1 and Matthew 25:31, as noted in OpenBible.info, highlights the continuity between the Old Testament prophetic tradition and Jesus' teaching on his return [1].
In Protestant academic interpretation, Jesus' second coming is understood as a future event that is both personal and visible. The Tyndale House commentary on 1 Thessalonians 1:10 emphasizes the importance of Jesus' resurrection as the foundation for confidence in his return [7]. This understanding is in line with the apostolic preaching, as recorded in Acts and the Epistles.
The doctrine of Jesus' second coming has significant implications for Christian theology and practice. It emphasizes the need for believers to be watchful and prepared for Jesus' return, living in light of the end times. As Torrey's Topical Textbook notes, the second coming of Christ is a doctrine that is "foretold by Prophets... Himself... Apostles... and Angels" [4].
The biblical teaching on Jesus' second coming is not limited to Matthew 25:1-6, but is part of a broader eschatological narrative that spans the Old and New Testaments. Understanding this doctrine requires a consideration of the various biblical passages that address the topic, as well as the historical and theological context in which they were written. The Protestant academic tradition offers a nuanced and detailed understanding of Jesus' second coming, rooted in a careful reading of the biblical text.
Sources
- OpenBible.info “Cross-reference: Isa.6.1 → Matt.25.31 (confidence: 16 votes)”
- OpenBible.info “Cross-reference: Matt.25.13 → 1Thess.5.6 (confidence: 19 votes)”
- Matthew “But at midnight there was a cry, ‘Behold! The bridegroom is coming! Come out to meet him!’ -- Matthew 25:6”
- Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Second Coming of Christ, The — Time of, unknown -- Mt 24:36; Mr 13:32. Called the Times of refreshing from the presence of the Lord. -- Ac 3:19. Times of restitution of all things. -- Ac 3:21; Ro 8:21. Last time. -- 1Pe 1:5. Appearing of Jesus Christ. -- 1Pe 1:7. Revelation of Jesus Christ. -- 1Pe 1:13. Glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour. -- Tit 2:13. Coming of the day of God. -- 2Pe 3:12. Day of our Lord Jesus Christ. -- 1Co 1:8. Foretold by Prophets. -- Da 7:13; Jude 1:14. Himself. -- Mt 25:31; Joh 14:3. Apostles. -- Ac 3:20; 1Ti 6:14. Angels. -- A”
- Isaiah (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on Isaiah 25:1: 25:1-12 The second part of the Little Apocalypse (see study note on 24:1–27:13) describes praise for God’s judgment (25:1-5, 11-12) and salvation (25:6-9). 25:1-5 Isaiah here praises God for protecting the needy (see 12:1-6).”
- Revelation (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on Revelation 20:5: 20:5-6 John contrasts the first resurrection with the second death (see 20:12-15; cp. John 5:29).”
- 1 Thessalonians (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on 1 Thessalonians 1:10: 1:10 The resurrection of Jesus from the dead was the core of the apostles’ preaching (4:14; Acts 2:32; 3:15; 10:40; 13:29-30; 1 Cor 15:3-8) and the foundation for confidence in Jesus’ return (see 1 Thes 5:9; 2 Thes 1:6-10).”
- Matthew (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on Matthew 25:6: 25:6 The arrival of the bridegroom at midnight while the bridesmaids slept further highlights the fact that the second coming of Jesus will come suddenly, at a time that no one can anticipate (24:42-51).”