Biblical Account of Enoch's Life and Translation
Biblical Account of Enoch's Life and Translation
The biblical account of Enoch's life and translation is primarily found in Genesis 5:18-24 and Hebrews 11:5. Enoch, the son of Jared and father of Methuselah, lived 365 years before being taken by God [3, 4].
Genesis 5:22-24 records that Enoch "walked with God" for 300 years after the birth of Methuselah, indicating a life of faithfulness and devotion to God. The phrase "walked with God" is a Hebrew idiom signifying close fellowship and obedience [8]. The biblical text then states that Enoch "was not, for God took him," which is interpreted in Hebrews 11:5 as being "translated so that he wouldn't see death" [1].
The New Testament book of Hebrews provides further insight into Enoch's translation, stating that it was "by faith" that he was taken away. This faith is understood as the ground of his pleasing God, which in turn led to his translation [10]. The author of Hebrews also notes that Enoch "has had testimony given to him that before his translation he had been well pleasing to God" [1].
The exact nature of Enoch's translation has been a subject of interpretation. Some traditions view it as a miraculous removal from the earth without experiencing death, as described in Hebrews 11:5 [1, 6, 7]. Calvin interprets Enoch's translation as an example of immortality exhibited to elevate the faith of God's saints and mitigate their fear of death [5].
In contrast, a rationalist Jewish interpretation, represented by Abraham Ibn Ezra, understands Enoch's being "taken" as a euphemism for death, similar to other biblical expressions [9].
The biblical account of Enoch's life and translation serves as an example of faithfulness and divine favor. Enoch's story has been seen as a precursor to the Christian hope of being taken up to heaven without experiencing death, as will occur at Christ's coming [10].
The apocryphal Book of Enoch, referenced in Jude 1:14-15, provides additional context to Enoch's story, although its canonical status is not universally accepted [2].
Enoch's life and translation remain a significant part of biblical narrative, highlighting the themes of faith, obedience, and divine reward.
Sources
- Hebrews “By faith, Enoch was taken away, so that he wouldn’t see death, and he was not found, because God translated him. For he has had testimony given to him that before his translation he had been well pleasing to God. -- Hebrews 11:5”
- Smith's Bible Dictionary “Smith's Bible Dictionary: Enoch, The Book Of — The first trance of the existence of this work is found in the Epistle of (Jude 1:14,15) An apocryphal book called Enoch was known at a very early date, but was lost sight of until 1773, when Bruce brought with him on his return from Egypt three MSS. containing the complete Ethiopic translation. In its present shape the book consists of a series of revelations supposed to have been given to Enoch and Noah, which extend to the most varied aspects of nature and life. And are designed to offer a comprehensive vindication of the action of Providence. ”
- Smith's Bible Dictionary “Smith's Bible Dictionary: Enoch — (dedicated). + The eldest son of Cain, (Genesis 4:17) who called after his name the city which he built. (Genesis 4:18) (B.C. 3870.) + The son of Jared and father of Methuselah. (Genesis 5:21) ff.; Luke 3:37 (B.C. 3378-3013.) In the Epistle of Jude (Jude 1:14) he described as "the seventh from Adam;" and the number is probably noticed as conveying the idea of divine completion and rest, while Enoch was himself a type of perfected humanity. After the birth of Methuselah it is said, (Genesis 5:22-24) that Enoch "walked with God three hundred years... and he was ”
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Enoch — Initiated. (1.) The eldest son of Cain (Gen. 4:17), who built a city east of Eden in the land of Nod, and called it "after the name of his son Enoch." This is the first "city" mentioned in Scripture. (2.) The son of Jared, and father of Methuselah (Gen. 5:21; Luke 3:37). His father was one hundred and sixty-two years old when he was born. After the birth of Methuselah, Enoch "walked with God three hundred years" (Gen. 5:22-24), when he was translated without tasting death. His whole life on earth was three hundred and sixty-five years. He was the "seventh fro”
- CCEL (Reformed) “Calvin, Commentary on Genesis, Vol. 1 (Gen 1-23), section 9.8: him away, as we read was also done with respect to Elijah. Since, in the translation of Enoch, an example of immortality was exhibited; there is no doubt that God designed to elevate the minds of his saints with certain faith before their death; and to mitigate, by this consolation, the dread which they might entertain of death, seeing they would know that a better life was elsewhere laid up for them. It is, however, remarkable that Adam himself was deprived of this support of faith and of comfort. For since that terrible judgment ”
- Hebrews (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on Hebrews 11:4: By faith Enoch was translated,.... Which is to be understood, not of a spiritual translation from the power of darkness, into the kingdom of Christ, as all converted, persons are translated, and doubtless Enoch was; nor of a rapture, or removal from one part of the earth to another, or from one part of a country to another, as Philip was caught away by the Spirit, after the baptism of the eunuch; but of a translation from earth to heaven; and not for a while only, as Paul was caught up to the third heaven; but as Elijah was, there to continue, and as the living saint”
- Hebrews (Methodist/Wesleyan) “Adam Clarke on Hebrews 11:5: By faith Enoch was translated - It is said, in Gen 5:24, that Enoch walked with God, and he was not, for God took him. Here the apostle explains what God's taking him means, by saying that he was translated that he should not see death; from which we learn that he did not die, and that God took him to a state of blessedness without obliging him to pass through death. See his history explained at large in the above place, in Gen 5:22-24.”
- Genesis (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on Genesis 5:24: And Enoch walked with God--a common phrase in Eastern countries denoting constant and familiar intercourse. was not; for God took him--In Heb 11:5, we are informed that he was translated to heaven--a mighty miracle, designed to effect what ordinary means of instruction had failed to accomplish, gave a palpable proof to an age of almost universal unbelief that the doctrines which he had taught (Jde 1:14-15) were true and that his devotedness to the cause of God and righteousness in the midst of opposition was highly pleasing to the mind of God.”
- Sefaria (Jewish (Rationalist)) “Abraham Ibn Ezra on Genesis 5:24: AND HE WAS NOT; FOR GOD TOOK HIM. That is, he died. So, too, take, I beseech Thee, my life from me (Jonah 4:3). Scripture similarly states, I take away from thee the desire of thine eyes (Ezek. 24:16) and then explains its meaning, namely, his wife died (Ezek. 24:18). The Bible does not state with regard to Enoch’s being taken that Enoch died, nor is there any reference to a plague causing his death. The meaning of took him in our verse is similar to take me in the psalm of Asaph, And afterward take me with glory (Ps. 73:24), and He shall take me , in the psal”
- Hebrews (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on Hebrews 11:5: Faith was the ground of his pleasing God; and his pleasing God was the ground of his translation. translated-- (Gen 5:22, Gen 5:24). Implying a sudden removal (the same Greek as in Gal 1:6) from mortality without death to immortality: such a CHANGE as shall pass over the living at Christ's coming (Co1 15:51-52). had this testimony--namely of Scripture; the Greek perfect implies that this testimony continues still: "he has been testified of." pleased God--The Scripture testimony virtually expresses that he pleased God, namely, "Enoch walked with ”