Biblical View of Dating While Legally Separated
The biblical view on dating while legally separated is rooted in the understanding of marriage and divorce as presented in Scripture. Marriage is considered a divine institution, established in creation, where a man and woman become one flesh (Gen. 2:24; Matt. 19:4-5) [2, 5]. The bond is intended to be lifelong, with divorce permitted only in specific circumstances, primarily adultery (Matt. 19:9; Deut. 24:1-4) [1, 4].
In the New Testament, Jesus teaches that divorce and remarriage constitute adultery, except in cases of fornication (Matt. 5:32; 19:9). The apostle Paul further clarifies that if a believer is married to an unbeliever and the unbeliever chooses to leave, the believer is not bound in such cases (1 Cor. 7:15) [3]. However, Paul also advises that if a separation occurs, the parties should remain unmarried or be reconciled (1 Cor. 7:10-11) [6, 11].
The early church fathers and later Christian traditions have interpreted these passages in various ways. Tertullian, for instance, emphasizes the Lord's teaching against divorce, highlighting that what God has joined together, man should not separate [13]. The Reformed tradition, as represented by Charles Hodge, understands Paul's instruction in 1 Corinthians 7 to mean that a believer is not bound by the marriage compact if the unbelieving partner repudiates the marriage [9].
The question of dating while legally separated is not directly addressed in Scripture. However, the principle that a person is not to remarry while their spouse is still alive, unless the separation is due to adultery or the unbelieving partner's departure, is a common interpretation among various Christian traditions [6, 7, 10]. Aquinas, representing the Catholic Scholastic tradition, argues that if an unbeliever refuses to cohabit without insult to the Creator, the believer is not permitted to marry again [7].
In conclusion, the biblical view emphasizes the permanence of marriage and cautions against remarriage after separation, except in specific circumstances. Christian traditions have grappled with the nuances of these teachings, generally advising against dating or remarriage while still legally separated, unless certain conditions are met. The focus remains on the biblical ideals of marriage and the conditions under which separation or divorce may occur.
Historical and Theological Perspectives
The historical development of Christian thought on marriage, divorce, and remarriage reflects a complex engagement with biblical teachings and cultural contexts. The early church's stance, as seen in the writings of Tertullian, underscores the importance of adhering to the Lord's teachings on the indissolubility of marriage [13]. Later traditions have continued to refine these teachings, emphasizing the gravity of the marital commitment.
The various Christian traditions represented in the sources — Baptist/Reformed, Presbyterian, Reformed (Old Princeton), Catholic (Scholastic), Patristic, and Nonconformist/Puritan — while differing in their interpretations, collectively underscore the significance of approaching marriage, divorce, and potential remarriage with careful consideration of biblical principles [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13].
The biblical text remains the foundational authority, guiding Christian thought and practice on these matters. As such, the discussion around dating while legally separated continues to be informed by scriptural teachings on marriage and divorce.
Sources
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Divorce — The dissolution of the marriage tie was regulated by the Mosaic law (Deut. 24:1-4). The Jews, after the Captivity, were reguired to dismiss the foreign women they had married contrary to the law (Ezra 10:11-19). Christ limited the permission of divorce to the single case of adultery. It seems that it was not uncommon for the Jews at that time to dissolve the union on very slight pretences (Matt. 5:31, 32; 19:1-9; Mark 10:2-12; Luke 16:18). These precepts given by Christ regulate the law of divorce in the Christian Church.”
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Marriage — Was instituted in Paradise when man was in innocence (Gen. 2:18-24). Here we have its original charter, which was confirmed by our Lord, as the basis on which all regulations are to be framed (Matt. 19:4, 5). It is evident that monogamy was the original law of marriage (Matt. 19:5; 1 Cor. 6:16). This law was violated in after times, when corrupt usages began to be introduced (Gen. 4:19; 6:2). We meet with the prevalence of polygamy and concubinage in the patriarchal age (Gen. 16:1-4; 22:21-24; 28:8, 9; 29:23-30, etc.). Polygamy was acknowledged in the Mosa”
- 1 Corinthians “Yet if the unbeliever departs, let there be separation. The brother or the sister is not under bondage in such cases, but God has called us in peace. -- 1 Corinthians 7:15”
- Smith's Bible Dictionary “Smith's Bible Dictionary: Divorce — "a legal dissolution of the marriage relation." The law regulating this subject is found (24:1-4) and the cases in which the right of a husband to divorce his wife was lost are stated ibid ., (22:19,29) The ground of divorce is appoint on which the Jewish doctors of the period of the New Testament differed widely; the school of Shammai seeming to limit it to a moral delinquency in the woman, whilst that the Hillel extended it to trifling causes, e.g., if the wife burnt the food she was cooking for her husband. The Pharisees wished perhaps to embroil our Savi”
- Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Marriage — Divinely instituted -- Ge 2:24. A covenant relationship -- Mal 2:4. Designed for The happiness of man. -- Ge 2:18. Increasing the human population. -- Ge 1:28; 9:1. Raising up godly seed. -- Mal 2:15. Preventing fornication. -- 1Co 7:2. The expectation of the promised seed of the woman an incentive to, in the early age -- Ge 3:15; 4:1. Lawful in all -- 1Co 7:2,28; 1Ti 5:14. Honourable for all -- Heb 13:4. Should be only in the Lord -- 1Co 7:39. Expressed by Joining together. -- Mt 19:6. Making affinity. -- 1Ki 3:1. Taking to wife. -- Ex 2:1. Giving daughte”
- 1 Corinthians (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on 1 Corinthians 7:11: But and if she depart,.... This is said, not as allowing of such a departure, which only in case of fornication is lawful; but supposing it a fact, that a woman cannot be prevailed upon to stay with her husband, but actually forsakes him upon some difference arising between them, let her remain unmarried: she ought not to marry another man; her departure does not make the marriage void; nor is it to be made void by any difference between them, either on religious or civil accounts, only in case of adultery; and therefore, if upon such separation she marries, ”
- theology (Catholic (Scholastic)) “Aquinas, Summa Theologica, Supplement (Supplementum), Of Disparity of Worship As an Impediment to Marriage, Art. 5: Article: Whether the believer who leaves his unbelieving wife can take another wife? I answer that, When either husband or wife is converted to the faith the other remaining in unbelief, a distinction must be made. For if the unbeliever be willing to cohabit without insult to the Creator---that is without drawing the other to unbelief---the believer is free to part from the other, but by parting is not permitted to marry again. But if the unbeliever refuse to cohabit without insu”
- 1 Corinthians (Nonconformist/Puritan) “Matthew Henry on 1 Corinthians 7:10: In this paragraph the apostle gives them direction in a case which must be very frequent in that age of the world, especially among the Jewish converts; I mean whether they were to live with heathen relatives in a married state. Moses's law permitted divorce; and there was a famous instance in the Jewish state, when the people were obliged to put away their idolatrous wives, Ezr 10:3. This might move a scruple in many minds, whether converts to Christianity were not bound to put away or desert their mates, continuing infidels. Concerning this matter the apo”
- CCEL (Reformed (Old Princeton)) “Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology, Vol. 3, section 49: woman’s leaving her husband, which do not justify a dissolution of the marriage bond. With regard to those cases in which one of the parties was a Christian and the other an unbeliever, he teaches, first, that such marriages are lawful, and, therefore, ought not to be dissolved. But, secondly, that if the unbelieving partner depart, i.e ., repudiates the marriage, the believing partner is not bound; i.e ., is no longer bound by the marriage compact. This seems to be the plain meaning. If the unbelieving partner is willing to continue in t”
- CCEL (Reformed (Old Princeton)) “Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology, Vol. 3, section 49: ; and Luke xvi. 18 . The simple meaning of these passages seems to be, that marriage is a permanent compact, which cannot be dissolved at the will of either of the parties. If, therefore, a man arbitrarily puts away his wife and marries another, he commits adultery. If he repudiates her on just grounds and marries another, he commits no offence. Our Lord makes the guilt of marrying after separation to depend on the ground of the separation. Saying, ‘that if a man puts 392 away his wife for any cause save fornication, and marries another, ”
- 1 Corinthians (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on 1 Corinthians 7:11: But and if she depart--or "be separated." If the sin of separation has been committed, that of a new marriage is not to be added (Mat 5:32). be reconciled--by appeasing her husband's displeasure, and recovering his good will. let not . . . husband put away . . . wife--In Mat 5:32 the only exception allowed is, "saving for the cause of fornication."”
- 1 Corinthians (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on 1 Corinthians 7:10: And unto the married I command,.... To the unmarried and widows he spoke by permission, or only gave advice and counsel to remain unmarried, provided they could contain; but if not, it was advisable to marry; but to persons already in a married state, what he has to say to them is by commandment, enjoining what they are under obligation to observe, not being at liberty to do as they will: yet not I, but the Lord; not as if he took upon him the dominion over them, to make laws for them, and, in an imperious authoritative way, oblige them to obedience to them; ”
- Schaff ANF/NPNF (Patristic) “ANF Vol 4: Tertullian IV, Minucius Felix, Commodian, Origen — CHAP. IX.--FROM EXAMPLES TERTULLIAN PASSES TO DIRECT DOGMATIC TEACHINGS. HE BEGINS WITH THE LORD'S TEACHING. (part 1): But grant that these argumentations may be thought to be forced and founded on con- 66 jectures, if no dogmatic teachings have stood parallel with them which the Lord uttered in treating of divorce, which, permitted formerly, He now prohibits, first because "from the beginning it was not so," like plurality of marriage; secondly, because "What God hath conjoined, man shall not separate,"[1]--for fear, namely, that h”