Botanical Identity of Zacchaeus's Sycamore Tree
The sycamore tree mentioned in the biblical account of Zacchaeus (Luke 19:4) is identified as the Ficus sycomorus, often referred to as the sycamore-fig or fig-mulberry [1]. This tree is distinct from the sycamore maple found in other parts of the world. Its name, derived from Greek, reflects its characteristics: "syco" from sykon (fig) and "moros" from moron (mulberry), indicating leaves similar to a mulberry tree and fruit resembling a fig [1, 3].
The Ficus sycomorus is known for its fig-like fruit and leaves that resemble those of a mulberry [1, 3]. It is a tree that grows in warmer climates, primarily found in low-lying areas or "low country" (the shephelah) because it is easily damaged by frost [1]. This explains its prevalence in regions like Jericho, where Zacchaeus encountered Jesus [1]. The tree's structure, with its broad branches and relatively low stature, would have made it suitable for climbing, as Zacchaeus did to get a better view of Jesus [2].
Zacchaeus, a wealthy chief tax collector, climbing this tree was considered an undignified act for someone of his status, highlighting his earnest desire to see Jesus [2]. The tree's presence in Jericho is consistent with its botanical requirements, thriving in the warmer climate of the Jordan Valley [1].
Sources
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Sycamore — More properly sycomore (Heb. shikmoth and shikmim, Gr. sycomoros), a tree which in its general character resembles the fig-tree, while its leaves resemble those of the mulberry; hence it is called the fig-mulberry (Ficus sycomorus). At Jericho, Zacchaeus climbed a sycomore-tree to see Jesus as he passed by (Luke 19:4). This tree was easily destroyed by frost (Ps. 78:47), and therefore it is found mostly in the "vale" (1 Kings 10:27; 2 Chr. 1:15: in both passages the R.V. has properly "lowland"), i.e., the "low country," the shephelah, where the climate is ”
- Luke (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on Luke 19:4: 19:4 climbed a sycamore-fig tree: This act was very undignified for a man of Zacchaeus’ power and wealth; it shows his genuine spiritual interest in Jesus.”
- Luke (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on Luke 19:4: sycamore--the Egyptian fig, with leaves like the mulberry.”