Christians' Duty After Participating in the Lord's Supper
Christians' Duty After Participating in the Lord's Supper
The Lord's Supper is a central act of worship in Christian churches, commemorating Christ's Last Supper with his disciples. After participating in this sacrament, Christians are expected to live out their faith in various ways, though different traditions interpret the specifics of this duty.
The practice of the Lord's Supper is rooted in the New Testament accounts of Jesus' institution of the Eucharist (Matthew 26:26-29, Mark 14:22-25, Luke 22:19-20, 1 Corinthians 11:23-26) [1, 2]. The apostle Paul emphasizes the importance of self-examination before partaking in the Lord's Supper, warning that unworthy participation can lead to judgment (1 Corinthians 11:27-32) [3].
Reformed and Presbyterian Perspectives
In the Reformed tradition, participation in the Lord's Supper is seen as a solemn occasion that requires preparation and reflection. The Heidelberg Catechism (Reformed, 1563) emphasizes the need for self-examination and repentance before partaking in the sacrament, citing 1 Corinthians 11:27-32 [6]. Charles Hodge (Reformed, Old Princeton) notes that the Lord's Supper is a means of grace, uniting believers to Christ and to one another [5]. After participating, believers are expected to live out their faith in obedience to Christ and to cultivate fellowship with one another.
Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Views
In Catholic theology, the Eucharist is seen as a sacrament that nourishes the spiritual life of believers. The Catechism of the Catholic Church emphasizes the importance of receiving the Eucharist worthily and living a life of holiness [11]. Thomas Aquinas (Catholic, Scholastic) argues that the Eucharist was instituted at the Last Supper to provide a means of spiritual sustenance for believers [9]. John Chrysostom (Eastern Orthodox) exhorts believers to live a life of self-denial and prayer after participating in the Eucharist, citing the example of the early Christian community (Acts 2:42-47) [10].
Lutheran and Anglican Perspectives
Martin Luther (Lutheran) emphasizes the importance of faith and repentance in preparing for the Lord's Supper. In his Small Catechism, Luther encourages believers to examine themselves and to live a life of obedience to Christ after participating in the sacrament [7]. The Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion (Anglican, 1571) describe the Lord's Supper as a sacrament of redemption, emphasizing the need for worthy reception and a life of charity and obedience [8].
Shared Ground and Divergent Views
Despite differences in interpretation, most Christian traditions agree that participating in the Lord's Supper should lead to a deeper commitment to Christ and to living out one's faith in practical ways. The act of communion is seen as a means of grace, fostering unity among believers and nourishing their spiritual lives [4, 5, 11].
The divergence in views on Christians' duty after participating in the Lord's Supper stems from differing hermeneutical commitments and prior doctrinal premises. For example, Reformed traditions emphasize the importance of self-examination and the sacraments as means of grace, while Catholic and Eastern Orthodox traditions stress the sacramental nature of the Eucharist and its role in nourishing the spiritual life.
Sources
- Smith's Bible Dictionary “Smith's Bible Dictionary: Lords Supper — The words which thus describe the great central act of the worship of the Christian Church occur but in a single passage of the New Testament-- (1 Corinthians 11:20) + Its institution .--It was instituted on that night when Jesus and his disciples met together to eat the passover, (Matthew 26:19; Mark 14:16; Luke 22:13) (on Thursday evening, April 6, A.D. 30). It was probably instituted at the third cup (the cup of blessing) of the passover [see on [821]Passover], Jesus taking one of the unleavened cakes used at the feast and breaking it and giving it t”
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Lord's Supper — (1 Cor. 11:20), called also "the Lord's table" (10:21), "communion," "cup of blessing" (10:16), and "breaking of bread" (Acts 2:42). In the early Church it was called also "eucharist," or giving of thanks (comp. Matt. 26:27), and generally by the Latin Church "mass," a name derived from the formula of dismission, Ite, missa est, i.e., "Go, it is discharged." The account of the institution of this ordinance is given in Matt. 26:26-29, Mark 14:22-25, Luke 22:19, 20, and 1 Cor. 11:24-26. It is not mentioned by John. It was designed, (1.) To commemorate t”
- I Corinthians “I Corinthians 11:27 (Rotherham) — So that, whosoever may be eating the loaf, or drinking the cup of the Lord, in an unworthy manner, shall be responsible for the body and blood of the Lord.”
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Communion — Fellowship with God (Gen. 18:17-33; Ex. 33:9-11; Num. 12:7, 8), between Christ and his people (John 14:23), by the Spirit (2 Cor. 13:14; Phil. 2:1), of believers with one another (Eph. 4:1-6). The Lord's Supper is so called (1 Cor. 10:16, 17), because in it there is fellowship between Christ and his disciples, and of the disciples with one another.”
- CCEL (Reformed (Old Princeton)) “Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology, Vol. 3, section 68: all admit that in the Lord’s Supper believers are thus united to Christ and to one another. Qualifications for the Lord’s Supper. It is plain from the preceding account of the nature and design of this sacrament, that it is intended for believers; and that those who come to the table of the Lord do thereby profess to be his disciples. If sincere in this profession, they receive the inestimable gifts which it is intended to convey. If insincere, they eat and drink judgment to themselves. The Apostle, therefore, argues that as those who par”
- Heidelberg Catechism (Reformed) “Heidelberg Catechism (Reformed, 1563), Q. Should those be admitted: Q. Should those be admitted to the Lord’s Supper who show by what they profess and how they live that they are unbelieving and ungodly? A. No, that would dishonor God’s covenant and bring down God’s wrath upon the entire congregation.1 Therefore, according to the instruction of Christ and his apostles, the Christian church is duty-bound to exclude such people, by the official use of the keys of the kingdom, until they reform their lives. 1 1 Cor. 11:17-32; Ps. 50:14-16; Isa. 1:11-17 Lord’s Day 31 Q & A 83”
- Luther's Small Catechism (Lutheran) “Luther's Small Catechism (Lutheran, 1529), *After confession and instruction in the Ten Commandments, the Creed, the Lord's: *After confession and instruction in the Ten Commandments, the Creed, the Lord's Prayer, and the Sacraments of Baptism and the Lord's Supper, the pastor may ask, or Christians may ask themselves these questions:”
- Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion (Anglican) “Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion (Anglican, 1571), Section 271: The Supper of the Lord is not only a sign of the love that Christians ought to have among themselves one to another; but rather is a Sacrament of our Redemption by Christ's death: insomuch that to such as rightly, worthily, and with faith, receive the same, the Bread which we break is a partaking of the Body of Christ; and likewise the Cup of Blessing is a partaking of the Blood of Christ.”
- theology (Catholic (Scholastic)) “Aquinas, Summa Theologica, Third Part (Tertia Pars), Of the Sacrament of the Eucharist, Art. 5: Article: Whether the institution of this sacrament was appropriate? I answer that, This sacrament was appropriately instituted at the supper, when Christ conversed with His disciples for the last time. First of all, because of what is contained in the sacrament: for Christ is Himself contained in the Eucharist sacramentally. Consequently, when Christ was going to leave His disciples in His proper species, He left Himself with them under the sacramental species; as the Emperor's image is set up to be”
- CCEL/NPNF (Eastern Orthodox) “John Chrysostom, Homilies on 1 & 2 Corinthians: vigils? to that long work of teaching, so full of all self-denial? For then He related and delivered to them those great and wonderful things, when Judas had gone out to call them who were about to crucify Him. Hast thou not heard how the three thousand also who partook of the Communion continued even in prayer and teaching, not in drunken feasts and revellings? But thou before thou hast partaken fastest, that in a certain way thou mayest appear worthy of the Communion: but when thou hast partaken, and thou oughtest to increase thy temperance, th”
- Catechism of the Catholic Church (Catholic) “Catechism of the Catholic Church, Article 2 (part 3): Word of God which has been entrusted to the apostles by Christ the Lord and the Holy Spirit. It transmits it to the successors of the apostles so that, enlightened by the Spirit of truth, they may faithfully preserve, expound and spread it abroad by their preaching."43 82 As a result the Church, to whom the transmission and interpretation of Revelation is entrusted, "does not derive her certainty about all revealed truths from the holy Scriptures alone. Both Scripture and Tradition must be accepted and honoured with equal sentiments of devo”