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Christ's Humility in Philippians 2:6-7 Explained

The Apostle Paul, in Philippians 2:6-7, presents a profound theological statement regarding the person and work of Jesus Christ, emphasizing his humility as an example for believers [11]. The passage reads:

"who, existing in the form of God, didn’t consider equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied himself, taking the form of a servant, being made in the likeness of men" (Philippians 2:6-7, WEB) [5, 6].

This passage is part of a larger exhortation to unity, love, and lowliness of mind among the Philippian Christians [9, 16]. Paul uses Christ's self-abasement as the ultimate pattern for humility, urging believers to adopt the same mindset [4, 11]. The immediate context (Philippians 2:1-5) calls for mutual affection, unity, and considering others better than oneself, setting the stage for Christ's example [16].

The phrase "existing in the form of God" (Greek: morphē Theou) in verse 6 affirms Christ's pre-existent divine nature [6]. It indicates that Jesus possessed the very nature and attributes of God [10]. Despite this divine status, he "didn't consider equality with God a thing to be grasped" [6]. This suggests that Christ did not cling to his divine prerogatives or exploit his equality with God for his own advantage [10, 14]. Instead, he chose a path of self-renunciation.

The core of Christ's humility is expressed in the phrase "emptied himself" (Greek: ekenōsen), which gives rise to the theological concept of the kenosis [5, 12]. This "emptying" is not understood as a divestment of his divine nature or attributes, but rather a voluntary laying aside of the outward display and privileges of his divine glory [14]. Charles Hodge notes that Christ's humiliation consisted in his being born in a low condition, made under the law, undergoing the miseries of this life, the wrath of God, and a cursed death [8]. Calvin explains that Christ "gave up his right" to display his divinity, choosing instead to conceal it under a "veil of flesh" [10, 14].

The subsequent clauses in verse 7 explain how Christ emptied himself: "taking the form of a servant, being made in the likeness of men" [5]. This refers to the incarnation, where the eternal Son of God assumed human nature [8, 12]. By taking "the form of a servant" (Greek: morphēn doulou), Christ embraced a humble position, identifying with humanity and subjecting himself to the conditions of human existence [12]. This act of taking on human flesh, being born in a lowly state, and living a life of poverty are all cited as aspects of his humiliation [1, 3]. His humility was evident in his subjection to his parents, his station in life, and his willingness to associate with the despised [1].

The humiliation of Christ was necessary for several reasons: to execute God's purpose, to fulfill Old Testament prophecies, and to satisfy the law on behalf of the guilty [3]. Christ's example of humility is presented as a model for believers to follow [2, 4, 7]. Clement of Rome, an early Church Father, emphasized that Christ, "the Sceptre of the majesty of God," did not come in pride or arrogance, but in a lowly condition, setting an example for the humble-minded [15]. This self-abasement ultimately led to his exaltation by God [13].

Sources

  1. Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Humility of Christ, The — Declared by himself -- Mt 11:29. Exhibited in his Taking our nature. -- Php 2:7; Heb 2:16. Birth. -- Lu 2:4-7. Subjection to his parents. -- Lu 2:51. Station in life. -- Mt 13:55; Joh 9:29. Poverty. -- Lu 9:58; 2Co 8:9. Partaking of our infirmities. -- Heb 4:15; 5:7. Submitting to ordinances. -- Mt 3:13-15. Becoming a servant. -- Mt 20:28; Lu 22:27; Php 2:7. Associating with the despised. -- Mt 9:10,11; Lu 15:1,2. Refusing honours. -- Joh 5:41; 6:15. Entry into Jerusalem. -- Zec 9:9; Mt 21:5,7. Washing his disciples' feet. -- Joh 13:5. Obedi”
  2. Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Humility — A prominent Christian grace (Rom. 12:3; 15:17, 18; 1 Cor. 3:5-7; 2 Cor. 3:5; Phil. 4:11-13). It is a state of mind well pleasing to God (1 Pet. 3:4); it preserves the soul in tranquillity (Ps. 69:32, 33), and makes us patient under trials (Job 1:22). Christ has set us an example of humility (Phil. 2:6-8). We should be led thereto by a remembrance of our sins (Lam. 3:39), and by the thought that it is the way to honour (Prov. 16:18), and that the greatest promises are made to the humble (Ps. 147:6; Isa. 57:15; 66:2; 1 Pet. 5:5). It is a "great paradox in Ch”
  3. Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Humiliation of Christ — (Phil. 2:8), seen in (1) his birth (Gal. 4:4; Luke 2:7; John 1:46; Heb. 2:9), (2) his circumstances, (3) his reputation (Isa. 53; Matt. 26:59, 67; Ps. 22:6; Matt. 26:68), (4) his soul (Ps. 22:1; Matt. 4:1-11; Luke 22:44; Heb. 2:17, 18; 4:15), (5) his death (Luke 23; John 19; Mark 15:24, 25), (6) and his burial (Isa. 53:9; Matt. 27:57, 58, 60). His humiliation was necessary (1) to execute the purpose of God (Acts 2:23, 24; Ps. 40:6-8), (2) fulfil the Old Testament types and prophecies, (3) satisfy the law in the room of the guilty (Isa. 53; Heb”
  4. Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Humility — Necessary to the service of God -- Mic 6:8. Christ an example of -- Mt 11:29; Joh 13:14,15; Php 2:5-8. A characteristic of saints -- Ps 34:2. The who have Regarded by God. -- Ps 138:6; Isa 66:2. Heard by God. -- Ps 9:12; Isa 10:17. Enjoy the presence of God. -- Isa 57:15. Delivered by God. -- Job 22:29. Lifted up by God. -- Jas 4:10. Exalted by God. -- Lu 14:11; 18:14. Are greatest in Christ's kingdom. -- Mt 18:4; 20:26-28. Receive more grace. -- Pr 3:34; Jas 4:6. Upheld by honour. -- Pr 18:12; 29:23. Is before honour -- Pr 15:33. Leads to riches, honour, ”
  5. Philippians “but emptied himself, taking the form of a servant, being made in the likeness of men. -- Philippians 2:7”
  6. Philippians “who, existing in the form of God, didn’t consider equality with God a thing to be grasped, -- Philippians 2:6”
  7. Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Example of Christ, The — Is perfect -- Heb 7:26. Conformity to, required in Holiness. -- 1Pe 1:15,16; Ro 1:6. Righteousness. -- 1Jo 2:6. Purity. -- 1Jo 3:3. Love. -- Joh 13:34; Eph 5:2; 1Jo 3:16. Humility. -- Lu 22:27; Php 2:5,7. Meekness. -- Mt 11:29. Obedience. -- Joh 15:10. Self-denial. -- Mt 16:24; Ro 15:3. Ministering to others. -- Mt 20:28; Joh 13:14,15. Benevolence. -- Ac 20:35; 2Co 8:7,9. Forgiving injuries. -- Col 3:13. Overcoming the world. -- Joh 16:33; 1Jo 5:4. Being not of the world. -- Joh 17:16. Being guileless. -- 1Pe 2:21-22. Suffering wrongfully. --”
  8. CCEL (Reformed (Old Princeton)) “Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology, Vol. 2, section 126: § 1. Includes his Incarnation . The Apostle tells us that Christ humbled Himself. In answer to the question, Wherein his humiliation consisted? our standards wisely content themselves with the simple statements of the Scriptures: “Christ’s humiliation consisted in his being born and that in a low condition, made under the law, undergoing the miseries of this life, the wrath of God, and the cursed death of the cross; in being buried, and continuing under the power of death for a time.” On all these points the schoolmen and modern philosop”
  9. Philippians (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on Philippians 2 (introduction): INTRODUCTION TO PHILIPPIANS 2 This chapter contains several exhortations to unity, love, and concord, to humility, and lowliness of mind, and to a becoming life and conversation; and concludes with commendations of two eminent ministers of Christ, Timothy and Epaphroditus. The arguments engaging to harmony and mutual affection, are taken from the consolation that is in Christ, the comfort there is in love, the fellowship of the Spirit, and the bowels and mercies which become saints, Phi 2:1, as also from the joy this would fill the apostle with; and”
  10. CCEL (Reformed) “Calvin, Commentary on Philippians, Colossians, 1-2 Thessalonians, section 11.2: wished that the reader should be in possession of the very form of expression which Paul has employed. 6 Inasmuch as he was in the form of God. This is not a comparison between things similar, but in the way of greater and less. Christ’s humility consisted in his abasing himself from the highest pinnacle of glory to the lowest ignominy: our humility consists in refraining from exalting ourselves by a false estimation. He gave up his right: all that is required of us is, that we do not assume to ourselves more than ”
  11. Philippians (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on Philippians 2:5: Let this mind be in you,.... The Arabic version renders it, "let that humility be perceived in you". The apostle proposes Christ as the great pattern and exemplar of humility; and instances in his assumption of human nature, and in his subjection to all that meanness, and death itself, even the death of the cross in it; and which he mentions with this view, to engage the saints to lowliness of mind, in imitation of him; to show forth the same temper and disposition of mind in their practice, which also was in Christ Jesus; or as the Syriac version, "think ye the”
  12. Philippians (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on Philippians 2:7: 2:7 he gave up his divine privileges (literally he emptied himself): The rest of 2:7-8 explains this ultimate expression of divine self-denial (cp. 2 Cor 8:9). • the humble position of a slave (or the form of a slave): Paul might have been thinking of Isa 52:13–53:12. • and was born as a human: See John 1:14; 1 Tim 3:16.”
  13. Philippians (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on Philippians 2:9: Wherefore--as the just consequence of His self-humiliation and obedience (Psa 8:5-6; Psa 110:1, Psa 110:7; Mat 28:18; Luk 24:26; Joh 5:27; Joh 10:17; Rom 14:9; Eph 1:20-22; Heb 2:9). An intimation, that if we would hereafter be exalted, we too must, after His example, now humble ourselves (Phi 2:3, Phi 2:5; Phi 3:21; Pe1 5:5-6). Christ emptied Christ; God exalted Christ as man to equality with God [BENGEL]. highly exalted--Greek, "super-eminently exalted" (Eph 4:10). given him--Greek, "bestowed on Him." a name--along with the corresponding re”
  14. CCEL (Reformed) “John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, section 49: what kind of body Christ assumed, but that, when he might have justly asserted his divinity he was pleased to exhibit nothing but the attributes of a mean and despised man. For, in order to exhort us to submission by his example, he shows, that when as God he might have displayed to the world the brightness of his glory, he gave up his right, and voluntarily emptied himself; that he assumed the form of a servant, and, contented with that humble condition, suffered his divinity to be concealed under a veil of flesh. Here, unquestion”
  15. Schaff ANF/NPNF (Patristic) “ANF Vol 1: Clement, Polycarp, Ignatius, Barnabas, Papias, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus — CHAP. XVI.--CHRIST AS AN EXAMPLE OF HUMILITY, (part 1): For Christ is of those who are humble-minded, and not of those who exalt themselves over His flock. Our Lord Jesus Christ, the Sceptre of the majesty of God, did not come in the pomp of pride or arrogance, although He might have done so, but in a lowly condition, as the Holy Spirit had declared regarding Him. For He says, "Lord, who hath believed our report, and to whom is the arm of the Lord revealed ? We have declared [our message] in His presence: He is”
  16. Philippians (Nonconformist/Puritan) “Matthew Henry on Philippians 2:1: The apostle proceeds in this chapter where he left off in the last, with further exhortations to Christian duties. He presses them largely to like-mindedness and lowly-mindedness, in conformity to the example of the Lord Jesus, the great pattern of humility and love. Here we may observe, I. The great gospel precept passed upon us; that is, to love one another. This is the law of Christ's kingdom, the lesson of his school, the livery of his family. This he represents (Phi 2:2) by being like-minded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind. We are ”
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