Conscience and Lust: The Role of Guilt in Sexual Sin
Lust is understood as a sinful longing or an inward sin that can lead to a departure from God [1]. It is described as the origin of sin, residing in the heart as the center of moral impulses and spiritual activity [1]. The Bible indicates that when lust "has conceived, it bears sin; and sin, when it is full-grown, brings forth death" (James 1:15 ASV) [3]. This process highlights the progression from an internal desire to outward sinful acts and their ultimate consequence [10].
The concept of "concupiscence" is closely related to lust, referring to evil desire or indwelling sin [5]. For instance, "the lust of concupiscence" (1 Thess. 4:5 KJV) denotes a "passion of lust" (1 Thess. 4:5 RV) [5]. Indulging this passion, rather than possessing one's body in holiness, is likened to the behavior of Gentiles who do not know God [9].
Conscience, an inborn sense of right and wrong, judges the moral character of human conduct and is common to all people [2]. However, this faculty has been perverted by the Fall, leading to instances where it can be "defiled" (Titus 1:15) or "seared" (1 Tim. 4:2) [2]. Despite this perversion, conscience can still testify to the justice of God's condemnation against sin [4]. A "conscience void of offense" is a state to be actively pursued and cultivated by believers [2].
Sin itself is defined as "any want of conformity unto or transgression of the law of God" (1 John 3:4; Rom. 4:15), encompassing both inward states and outward actions [6]. It is not merely a violation of natural law but an offense against a personal lawgiver [6]. The individual who sins is typically conscious that their sin is inherently vile and deserving of punishment [6]. While all humans are born with a sinful nature, the godly are depicted as fighting against it, in contrast to the wicked who indulge it [7]. Deliberate sins are often committed with an insolent or arrogant attitude, representing rebellion against God [8]. Continuing to indulge unrepentantly in sexual sin, such as adultery or practicing homosexuality, indicates a heart that has not been renewed by the Holy Spirit [11].
Sources
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Lust — Sinful longing; the inward sin which leads to the falling away from God (Rom. 1:21). "Lust, the origin of sin, has its place in the heart, not of necessity, but because it is the centre of all moral forces and impulses and of spiritual activity." In Mark 4:19 "lusts" are objects of desire.”
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Conscience — That faculty of the mind, or inborn sense of right and wrong, by which we judge of the moral character of human conduct. It is common to all men. Like all our other faculties, it has been perverted by the Fall (John 16:2; Acts 26:9; Rom. 2:15). It is spoken of as "defiled" (Titus 1:15), and "seared" (1 Tim. 4:2). A "conscience void of offence" is to be sought and cultivated (Acts 24:16; Rom. 9:1; 2 Cor. 1:12; 1 Tim. 1:5, 19; 1 Pet. 3:21).”
- James “James 1:15 (ASV) — Then the lust, when it hath conceived, beareth sin: and the sin, when it is fullgrown, bringeth forth death.”
- Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Condemnation — The sentence of God against sin -- Mt 25:41. Universal, caused by the offence of Adam -- Ro 5:12,16,18. Inseparable consequence of sin -- Pr 12:2; Ro 6:23. Increased by Impenitence. -- Mt 11:20-24. Unbelief. -- Joh 3:18,19. Pride. -- 1Ti 3:6. Oppression. -- Jas 5:1-5. Hypocrisy. -- Mt 23:14. Conscience testifies to the justice of -- Job 9:20; Ro 2:1; Tit 3:11. The law testifies to the justice of -- Ro 3:19. According to men's deserts -- Mt 12:37; 2Co 11:15. Saints are delivered from, by Christ -- Joh 3:18; 5:24; Ro 8:1,33,34. Of the wicked, an example ”
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Concupiscence — Desire, Rom. 7:8 (R.V., "coveting"); Col. 3:5 (R.V., "desire"). The "lust of concupiscence" (1 Thess. 4:5; R.V., "passion of lust") denotes evil desire, indwelling sin.”
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Sin — Is "any want of conformity unto or transgression of the law of God" (1 John 3:4; Rom. 4:15), in the inward state and habit of the soul, as well as in the outward conduct of the life, whether by omission or commission (Rom. 6:12-17; 7:5-24). It is "not a mere violation of the law of our constitution, nor of the system of things, but an offence against a personal lawgiver and moral governor who vindicates his law with penalties. The soul that sins is always conscious that his sin is (1) intrinsically vile and polluting, and (2) that it justly deserves punishment,”
- Psalms (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on Psalms 58:3: 58:3 All human beings are born sinners (see 51:5); however, whereas the wicked indulge their sinful nature, the godly fight against it (Rom 7:19-23; Jas 4:1-10).”
- Psalms (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on Psalms 19:13: 19:13 An individual who commits deliberate sins does so with an insolent (86:14) or arrogant (119:21, 69) attitude. • The great sin is rebellion (see 32:1).”
- 1 Thessalonians (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on 1 Thessalonians 4:5: Not in the lust of concupiscence,.... Or "passion of lust"; for the mere gratifying and indulging of that; for a man so to possess his vessel, is to cherish the sin of concupiscence, the first motions of sin in the heart, by which a man is drawn away, and enticed; to blow up the flame of lust, and to make provision for the flesh to fulfil the lusts thereof: even as the Gentiles which know not God; for, though they knew him, or might know him with a natural knowledge, by the light and works of nature, yet they knew him not savingly and spiritually, as he is r”
- James (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on James 1:15: The guilty union is committed by the will embracing the temptress. "Lust," the harlot, then, "brings forth sin," namely, of that kind to which the temptation inclines. Then the particular sin (so the Greek implies), "when it is completed, brings forth death," with which it was all along pregnant [ALFORD]. This "death" stands in striking contrast to the "crown of life" (Jam 1:12) which "patience" or endurance ends in, when it has its "perfect work" (Jam 1:4). He who will fight Satan with Satan's own weapons, must not wonder if he finds himself overmatche”
- 1 Corinthians (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on 1 Corinthians 6:9: 6:9-11 Those who willingly sin have no share in the Kingdom of God. The lives of Christians must reflect the faith they confess. 6:9 Don’t fool yourselves: Sin is deceptive; believers should not take it lightly, as if it were somehow acceptable (Jer 17:9). • Continuing to indulge unrepentantly in sexual sin indicates a heart that has not been renewed by the Holy Spirit. Sexual sins include adultery (see Exod 20:14; Matt 5:27-28) and practicing homosexuality (cp. Lev 18:22; 20:13; Rom 1:26-27; 1 Tim 1:10).”