Descendência de Jesus até Adão na Bíblia
A Genealogia de Jesus até Adão
A Bíblia apresenta duas genealogias de Jesus Cristo, uma em Mateus 1:1-17 e outra em Lucas 3:23-38. A genealogia de Mateus começa com Abraão e segue até Jesus, enquanto a de Lucas começa com Jesus e retrocede até Adão. A genealogia de Mateus é frequentemente vista como apresentando a linhagem real de Jesus, enquanto a de Lucas é vista como apresentando a linhagem física [1].
A importância da descendência de Jesus até Adão é destacada por vários pais da igreja. Agostinho, por exemplo, nota que a descendência de Jesus de Adão é significativa porque Adão é o ancestral comum da humanidade [2]. Além disso, a descendência de Jesus de Adão é vista como uma forma de conectar Jesus à história da salvação, que começa com a criação do homem.
A Bíblia usa termos como "gerou" e "descendência" de forma ampla, não se limitando apenas à relação de pai e filho imediata. Charles Hodge observa que, na Bíblia, "gerou" pode significar descendência remota, citando exemplos como "Jorão gerou seu bisneto Ozias" [3].
A genealogia de Lucas, que vai até Adão, é vista por alguns como uma forma de enfatizar a universalidade da salvação. Ao conectar Jesus a Adão, Lucas destaca que Jesus é o Salvador de toda a humanidade, e não apenas do povo judeu [6].
Tomás de Aquino argumenta que a carne de Cristo foi derivada de Adão, pois Cristo assumiu a natureza humana para purificá-la da corrupção. Essa corrupção foi causada pelo pecado original, que foi transmitido através da linhagem de Adão [7].
A descendência de Jesus até Adão também é vista como uma forma de cumprir as promessas feitas aos patriarcas. Calvino nota que a promessa de que Jesus seria o "fruto do corpo" de Davi é uma referência à sua descendência [4].
Em resumo, a genealogia de Jesus até Adão é um tema importante na Bíblia e na teologia cristã, conectando Jesus à história da salvação e destacando sua universalidade.
A ênfase na descendência de Jesus de Adão e Abraão também é vista em outros textos bíblicos, como em 1 Crônicas 1:1, que começa a genealogia de Israel com Adão [5, 8]. Essa conexão é significativa, pois destaca a relação entre a história da salvação e a história da humanidade como um todo.
A interpretação dessas genealogias varia entre as tradições cristãs, mas a maioria concorda que a descendência de Jesus de Adão é fundamental para entender sua identidade e missão [2, 4, 7].
Sources
- Matthew “So all the generations from Abraham to David are fourteen generations; from David to the exile to Babylon fourteen generations; and from the carrying away to Babylon to the Christ, fourteen generations. -- Matthew 1:17”
- Schaff ANF/NPNF (Patristic) “NPNF1 Vol 6: Augustine — Homilies on the Gospels — OF THE AGREEMENT OF THE EVANGELISTS MATTHEW AND LUKE IN THE GENERATIONS OF THE LORD. (part 31): because from his family again, after the flood, descended the whole human race. Nor could the man Christ Jesus, as descended from Adam, from whom all men are descended, bear(8) upon the fulfilment of prophecy; nor, again, as descended from Noe, from whom also all men are descended; but only as descended from Abraham, who at that time was chosen, that all nations should be blessed in his seed, when the earth was now full of nations. But Luke reckons ”
- CCEL (Reformed (Old Princeton)) “Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology, Vol. 2, section 6: , Joram begat his great-great-grandson Ozias. And in Genesis x. 15-18 , Canaan, the grand son of Noah, is said to have begotten several whole nations, the Jebusite, the Amorite, the Girgasite, the Hivite, etc., etc. Nothing can be plainer, therefore, than that in the usage of the Bible, to bear and ‘to beget’ are used in a wide sense to indicate descent, without restricting this to the immediate offspring.” 69 69 The Pentateuch Vindicated from the Aspersions of Bishop Colenso, by William Henry Green, Professor in the Theological Seminary, ”
- CCEL (Reformed) “John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, section 49: declaring him to be “God blessed for ever,” he mentions separately, that, “as concerning the flesh, he was descended from the Jews.” Again if he had not been truly begotten of the seed of David, what is the meaning of the expression, that he is the “fruit of his loins;” or what the meaning of the promise, “Of the fruit of thy body will I set upon thy throne?” ( Ps. 132:11 ). Moreover their mode of dealing with the genealogy of Christ, as given by Matthew, is mere sophistry; for though he reckons up the progenitors not of Mary, but ”
- 1 Chronicles (Nonconformist/Puritan) “Matthew Henry on 1 Chronicles 1:1: This paragraph has Adam for its first word and Abraham for its last. Between the creation of the former and the birth of the latter were 2000 years, almost the one-half of which time Adam himself lived. Adam was the common father of our flesh, Abraham the common father of the faithful. By the breach which the former made of the covenant of innocency, we were all made miserable; by the covenant of grace made with the latter, we all are, or may be, made happy. We all are, by nature, the seed of Adam, branches of that wild olive. Let us see to it that, by faith,”
- Schaff ANF/NPNF (Patristic) “NPNF1 Vol 3: Augustine — On the Holy Trinity — CHAP. 22.--OF THE SIX AGES OF THE WORLD. (part 1): 39. "Five ages of the world, accordingly, having been now completed (there has entered the sixth). Of these ages the first is from the beginning of the human race, that is, from Adam, who was the first man that was made, down to Noah, who constructed the ark at the time of the flood.(1) Then the second extends from that period on to Abraham, who was called(2) the father indeed of all nations(3) which should follow the example of his faith, but who at the same time in the way of natural descent fro”
- theology (Catholic (Scholastic)) “Aquinas, Summa Theologica, Third Part (Tertia Pars), Of the Matter From Which the Saviour's Body Was Conceived, Art. 1: Article: Whether the flesh of Christ was derived from Adam? I answer that, Christ assumed human nature in order to cleanse it of corruption. But human nature did not need to be cleansed save in as far as it was soiled in its tainted origin whereby it was descended from Adam. Therefore it was becoming that He should assume flesh of matter derived from Adam, that the nature itself might be healed by the assumption. On the contrary: On the contrary, The Apostle says (Heb. 2:16):”
- 1 Chronicles (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on 1 Chronicles 1:1: 1:1–2:2 The Chronicler begins by showing Israel’s place among the nations, tracing their line of descent from Adam to Jacob, using material from Genesis. 1:1-4 An overview of the generations between Adam and the sons of Noah (cp. Gen 5:3-32).”