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Extrabiblical Examples in Church Preaching and Teaching

The use of examples in Christian preaching and teaching is a long-standing practice, with the Bible itself providing numerous instances of individuals and even Christ himself serving as examples for believers. The New Testament frequently presents Jesus as the ultimate example in various aspects of life, such as sincerity (1 Peter 2:22), intercessory prayer (Luke 22:32, 23:34; John 17:9-24), early rising for devotion (Mark 1:35; Luke 21:38; John 8:2), and avoiding strife (Isaiah 42:2; Matthew 12:15-19; Luke 9:52-56; 1 Peter 2:23) [2, 3, 4, 5].

Beyond Christ, the Bible also highlights other figures as examples. Pastors are called to be examples to their flocks (Philippians 3:17; 2 Thessalonians 3:9; 1 Timothy 4:12; 1 Peter 5:3) [1]. The experiences of the Jews are presented as a warning (Hebrews 4:11), and the prophets are cited as examples of enduring affliction (James 5:10) [1]. Biblical figures like Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joshua, Gideon, Samuel, David, and Mary are noted for their practice of early rising, illustrating spiritual diligence (Romans 13:11-12) [4].

While the Bible provides a rich source of examples, the question of using extrabiblical examples in preaching and teaching often arises. The primary focus of Christian teaching is "the sound words of our Lord Jesus Christ and the teaching that is in accordance with godliness" (1 Timothy 6:3) [7, 9]. Preaching is fundamentally about proclaiming Christ (Philippians 1:15) [8], and the apostles' preaching was centered on Jesus as an example of resurrection (Acts 4:2) [6].

However, the use of illustrations and examples from outside the direct biblical narrative can serve to clarify and apply biblical truths. The church itself is often described using analogies, such as a body with many members, each with its own function, determined by God (1 Corinthians 12:12-31) [10]. This body metaphor emphasizes unity despite diversity (1 Corinthians 12:20) [11] and the importance of harmony and mutual care (1 Corinthians 12:25-26) [14]. This concept of the church as one body in Christ transcends differences and promotes peace (Colossians 3:15; Galatians 3:28) [12, 13]. The church is also likened to a holy temple, with Christ among his people (Ephesians 2:21) [15]. These analogies, while biblical, demonstrate the principle of using relatable imagery to explain spiritual realities.

Historically, Christian teachers have recognized the importance of making doctrine accessible and impactful. John Calvin, for instance, emphasized an "ardent desire to spread the doctrines of religion," suggesting that those with greater eminence in their calling should diligently labor to enlighten others [17]. This implies a need for effective communication methods, which can include drawing on various forms of illustration. The apostles' ministry, like Jesus', was accompanied by "many miraculous signs and wonders," including healing and exorcism, which served as convincing works alongside their preaching (Acts 5:12-16) [16]. These acts served as powerful, tangible examples of God's power.

The core of preaching requires a divine sending (Romans 10:15) [18], and the message must remain consistent with the original Gospel (2 Corinthians 11:4) [19]. Therefore, any extrabiblical example used in preaching or teaching must align with and support the "sound words" of Christ and the doctrine of godliness, rather than introducing "different doctrine" (1 Timothy 6:3) [7, 9]. The purpose of such examples is to illuminate biblical truth, not to replace it or introduce foreign concepts.

Sources

  1. Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Example — Of Christ (1 Pet. 2:21; John 13:15); of pastors to their flocks (Phil. 3:17; 2 Thess. 3:9; 1 Tim. 4:12; 1 Pet. 5:3); of the Jews as a warning (Heb. 4:11); of the prophets as suffering affliction (James 5:10).”
  2. Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Sincerity — Christ was an example of -- 1Pe 2:22. Ministers should be examples of -- Tit 2:7. Opposed to fleshly wisdom -- 2Co 1:12. Should characterise Our love to God. -- 2Co 8:8,24. Our love to Christ. -- Eph 6:24. Our service to God. -- Jos 24:14; Joh 4:23,24. Our faith. -- 1Ti 1:5. Our love to one another. -- Ro 12:9; 1Pe 1:22; 1Jo 3:18. Our whole conduct. -- 2Co 1:12. The preaching of the gospel. -- 2Co 2:17; 1Th 2:3-5. A characteristic of the doctrines of the gospel -- 1Pe 2:2. The gospel sometimes preached without -- Php 1:16. The wicked devoid of -- Ps 5:9; ”
  3. Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Prayer, Intercessory — Christ set an example of -- Lu 22:32; 23:34; Joh 17:9-24. Commanded -- 1Ti 2:1; Jas 5:14,16. Should be offered up for Kings. -- 1Ti 2:2. All in authority. -- 1Ti 2:2. Ministers. -- 2Co 1:11; Php 1:19. The Church. -- Ps 122:6; Isa 62:6,7. All saints. -- Eph 6:18. All men. -- 1Ti 2:1. Masters. -- Ge 24:12-14. Servants. -- Lu 7:2,3. Children. -- Ge 17:18; Mt 15:22. Friends. -- Job 42:8. Fellow-countrymen. -- Ro 10:1. The sick. -- Jas 5:14. Persecutors. -- Mt 5:44. Enemies among whom we dwell. -- Jer 29:7. Those who envy us. -- Nu 12:13. Those who ”
  4. Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Early Rising — Christ set an example of -- Mr 1:35; Lu 21:38; Joh 8:2. Requisite for Devotion. -- Ps 5:3; 59:16; 63:1; 88:13; Isa 26:9. Executing God's commands. -- Ge 22:3. Discharge of daily duties. -- Pr 31:15. Neglect of, leads to poverty -- Pr 6:9-11. Practised by the wicked, for Deceit. -- Pr 27:14. Executing plans of evil. -- Mic 2:1. Illustrates spiritual diligence -- Ro 13:11,12. Exemplified Abraham. -- Ge 19:27. Isaac, &c. -- Ge 26:31. Jacob. -- Ge 28:18. Joshua &c. -- Jos 3:1. Gideon. -- Jdj 6:38. Samuel. -- 1Sa 15:12. David. -- 1Sa 17:20. Mary, &c. -- Mr ”
  5. Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Strife — Christ, an example of avoiding -- Isa 42:2; Mt 12:15-19; Lu 9:52-56; 1Pe 2:23. Forbidden -- Pr 3:30; 25:8. A work of the flesh -- Ga 5:20. An evidence of a carnal spirit -- 1Co 3:3. Existed in the church -- 1Co 1:11. Excited by Hatred. -- Pr 10:12. Pride. -- Pr 13:10; 28:25. Wrath. -- Pr 15:18; 30:33. Frowardness. -- Pr 16:28. A contentious disposition. -- Pr 26:21. Tale-bearing. -- Pr 26:20. Drunkenness. -- Pr 23:29,30. Lusts. -- Jas 4:1. Curious questions. -- 1Ti 6:4; 2Ti 2:23. Scorning. -- Pr 22:10. Difficulty of stopping, a reason for avoiding it -- Pr 1”
  6. Acts “Acts 4:2 (BBE) — Being greatly troubled because they were teaching the people and preaching Jesus as an example of the coming back from the dead.”
  7. I Timothy “I Timothy 6:3 (LEB) — If anyone teaches other doctrine and does not devote himself to the sound words of our Lord Jesus Christ and the teaching that is in accordance with godliness,”
  8. Philippians “Philippians 1:15 (Webster) — Some indeed preach Christ even from envy and strife; and some also from good will.”
  9. 1 Timothy “If anyone teaches a different doctrine, and doesn’t consent to sound words, the words of our Lord Jesus Christ, and to the doctrine which is according to godliness, -- 1 Timothy 6:3”
  10. 1 Corinthians (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on 1 Corinthians 12:12: 12:12-31 The church is like a body (see 12:27) composed of many different parts, each with its own function as determined by God (see 12:11, 18, 28; Rom 12:4-5).”
  11. 1 Corinthians (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on 1 Corinthians 12:20: But now are they many members,.... Of different make and shape, in different parts and places, and of different use and service: yet but one body; all are united together, and make up one complete body, and which without each of them would not be perfect: so there are many members in the body of Christ, the church; some are teachers, others are hearers; some give, and others receive; but all make up but one church, of which Christ is the head; nor can anyone of them be spared; was anyone wanting, even the meanest, there would be a deficiency, and the church ”
  12. Colossians (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on Colossians 3:15: 3:15 Just as Christ is one, so there can be only one body of Christ (see 1:18; Eph 4:4-6). Allegiance to Jesus as Lord must transcend differences and will result in peace (harmonious relationships).”
  13. Galatians (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on Galatians 3:28: 3:28 There is no longer: Everyone comes to Christ and receives God’s promises in exactly the same way (cp. 1 Cor 12:12-13; Eph 2:14; Col 3:11). • male and female: Cp. Gen 1:27. • you are all one: The community of believers is one body, the body of Christ (see Rom 12:4-5; 1 Cor 12:27; Eph 2:15-16, 19-22). • in Christ Jesus: See Col 2:6–3:11.”
  14. 1 Corinthians (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on 1 Corinthians 12:25: 12:25-26 The church is a unified body, so harmony and care for each other in the church is essential.”
  15. Ephesians (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on Ephesians 2:21: 2:21 Joined together in Christ, Gentile and Jewish Christians become a holy temple for the Lord, because the Lord himself is among his people (see Matt 18:20; 28:20; 1 Cor 3:16; 1 Pet 2:4-5).”
  16. Acts (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on Acts 5:12: 5:12-16 As in Jesus’ ministry, the apostles’ preaching was accompanied by many miraculous signs and wonders, including convincing works of healing and exorcism (see also 6:8; cp. Matt 4:24; 9:35; Mark 1:32-34; Luke 4:40-41).”
  17. CCEL (Reformed) “Calvin, Commentary on Isaiah, Vol. 1, section 8.8: an ardent desire to spread the doctrines of religion, that every one not satisfied with his own calling and his personal knowledge will desire to draw others along with him. And indeed nothing could be more inconsistent with the nature of faith than that deadness which would lead a man to disregard his brethren, and to keep the light of knowledge choked up within his own breast. The greater the eminence above others which any man has received from his calling so much the more diligently ought he to labor to enlighten others. This points out to”
  18. Romans (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on Romans 10:15: And how shall they preach, except they be sent,.... There is no proper, rightful, regular, and lawful preaching of the word without a mission, which is either extraordinary, or ordinary; extraordinary mission was such as the apostles themselves had; who, as they were called to extraordinary service, had extraordinary qualifications, and were sent forth in an extraordinary manner, with a power of doing miracles, and immediately by Christ himself. Ordinary mission is of men to be pastors and teachers, which includes qualifications for the ministerial work; for whom Chr”
  19. 2 Corinthians (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on 2 Corinthians 11:4: if, &c.--which in fact is impossible. However, if it were possible, ye might then bear with them (see on Co2 11:1). But there can be no new Gospel; there is but the one which I first preached; therefore it ought not to be "borne" by you, that the false teachers should attempt to supersede me. he that cometh--the high-sounding title assumed by the false teachers, who arrogated Christ's own peculiar title (Greek, Mat 11:3, and Heb 10:37), "He that is coming." Perhaps he was leader of the party which assumed peculiarly to be "Christ's" (Co2 10:7;”
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