God's Eternal Purpose Beyond Mortality in Christian Eschatology
God's eternal purpose extends beyond the confines of human mortality, encompassing a divine plan that predates creation and continues into everlasting existence. This purpose is described as unchangeable, holy, wise, and sovereign, determining all things that will ever be [7]. The Lord's purpose is eternal, and the designs of his heart endure through all generations [3].
This eternal purpose is centered in Christ Jesus [2]. Before the world began, God's eternal purpose was concealed but has now been made manifest through Christ [11]. The concept of "eternal life" is central to this purpose, frequently appearing in the New Testament and signifying the future of the redeemed [5]. It is revealed by Christ, and knowing God and Christ is considered eternal life [8]. This life is given by God through Christ to those who believe [8].
The biblical understanding of eternity involves concepts expressed by Greek words such as aion, aionios, and aidios, which are used to describe God's eternal existence, Christ's eternal nature, the Holy Spirit's eternal presence, and the unending duration of both the sufferings of the lost and the life of the righteous [1]. "Eternal life" is contrasted with "eternal punishment" [5]. The doctrine of immortality, or perpetuity of existence, is taught in the Old Testament and more fully brought to light through the gospel [6].
God's eternal purpose includes the salvation of humanity. Christ is able to save "to the uttermost" because of his eternal nature and unchangeable priesthood [14]. This salvation delivers from evil and leads to the enjoyment of good in this life and the next [14]. The "exceeding riches of his grace" are shown in the ages to come through God's work in quickening those who were spiritually dead and raising them to sit with Christ [9]. This grace is valuable, abundant, and freely given, enriching those who receive it [9].
The resurrection of the body is also part of God's eternal plan. The power exerted in raising Christ from the grave is the same omnipotent power that will raise all humanity at the last day [13]. Mortality came through Adam, but immortality comes through Christ, ensuring that all who have been subjected to natural death will be raised again [12]. Believers are called to live the remaining time in the flesh not for human desires, but for the will of God, in hope of eternal life [4, 10]. This hope is a gift of God's grace, implanted by the Spirit through regeneration, with the Gospel serving as the means of its production [10].
Sources
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Eternal death — The miserable fate of the wicked in hell (Matt. 25:46; Mark 3:29; Heb. 6:2; 2 Thess. 1:9; Matt. 18:8; 25:41; Jude 1:7). The Scripture as clearly teaches the unending duration of the penal sufferings of the lost as the "everlasting life," the "eternal life" of the righteous. The same Greek words in the New Testament (aion, aionios, aidios) are used to express (1) the eternal existence of God (1 Tim. 1:17; Rom. 1:20; 16:26); (2) of Christ (Rev. 1:18); (3) of the Holy Ghost (Heb. 9:14); and (4) the eternal duration of the sufferings of the lost (Matt. 25”
- Ephesians “Ephesians 3:11 (KJV) — According to the eternal purpose which he purposed in Christ Jesus our Lord:”
- Psalms “Psalms 33:11 (BBE) — The Lord's purpose is eternal, the designs of his heart go on through all the generations of man.”
- I Peter “I Peter 4:2 (LEB) — in order to live the remaining time in the flesh no longer for human desires, but for the will of God.”
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Eternal life — This expression occurs in the Old Testament only in Dan. 12:2 (R.V., "everlasting life"). It occurs frequently in the New Testament (Matt. 7:14; 18:8, 9; Luke 10:28; comp. 18:18). It comprises the whole future of the redeemed (Luke 16:9), and is opposed to "eternal punishment" (Matt. 19:29; 25:46). It is the final reward and glory into which the children of God enter (1 Tim. 6:12, 19; Rom. 6:22; Gal. 6:8; 1 Tim. 1:16; Rom. 5:21); their Sabbath of rest (Heb. 4:9; comp. 12:22). The newness of life which the believer derives from Christ (Rom. 6:4) is the ”
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Immortality — Perpetuity of existence. The doctrine of immortality is taught in the Old Testament. It is plainly implied in the writings of Moses (Gen. 5:22, 24; 25:8; 37:35; 47:9; 49:29, comp. Heb. 11:13-16; Ex. 3:6, comp. Matt. 22:23). It is more clearly and fully taught in the later books (Isa. 14:9; Ps. 17:15; 49:15; 73:24). It was thus a doctrine obviously well known to the Jews. With the full revelation of the gospel this doctrine was "brought to light" (2 Tim. 1:10; 1 Cor. 15; 2 Cor. 5:1-6; 1 Thess. 4:13-18).”
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Decrees of God — "The decrees of God are his eternal, unchangeable, holy, wise, and sovereign purpose, comprehending at once all things that ever were or will be in their causes, conditions, successions, and relations, and determining their certain futurition. The several contents of this one eternal purpose are, because of the limitation of our faculties, necessarily conceived of by us in partial aspects, and in logical relations, and are therefore styled Decrees." The decree being the act of an infinite, absolute, eternal, unchangeable, and sovereign Person, compre”
- Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Life, Eternal — Christ is -- 1Jo 1:2; 5:20. Revealed by Christ -- Joh 6:68; 2Ti 1:10. To know God and Christ is -- Joh 17:3. Given By God. -- Ps 133:3; Ro 6:23. By Christ. -- Joh 6:27; 10:28. In Christ. -- 1Jo 5:11. Through Christ. -- Ro 5:21; 6:23. To all given to Christ. -- Joh 17:2. To those who believe in God. -- Joh 5:24. To those who believe in Christ. -- Joh 3:15,16; 6:40,47. To those who hate life for Christ. -- Joh 12:25. In answer to prayer. -- Ps 21:4. Revealed in the Scriptures -- Joh 5:39. Results from Drinking the water of life. -- Joh 4:14. Eating the ”
- Ephesians (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on Ephesians 2:7: That in the ages to come,.... This is the end of God's permitting sin, in which men are morally dead; and of his suffering them to go on in sin, in a state of unregeneracy; and of his quickening them with Christ, and raising them up, and causing them to sit together with him: namely, that he might show the exceeding riches of his grace: riches being added to grace, denote the valuableness of it, as well as its plenty and abundance; and also the freeness and liberality of God in giving it; and likewise the enriching nature of it: and these riches are exceeding; the”
- Titus (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on Titus 1:2: In hope of eternal life,.... Or "for the hope of eternal life"; in order to bring souls to the hope of it. This is another end of the Gospel ministry, as to bring God's elect to faith in Christ, and to the knowledge and acknowledgement of the truth, as it is in Jesus, so to the hope of eternal glory and happiness: in a state of nature, they are without the grace of hope, or any true ground and foundation of it; and though it is the gift of God's grace, and is implanted on the soul by the Spirit of God in regeneration; yet the Gospel is the means of producing it at first”
- 2 Timothy (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on 2 Timothy 1:10: But . . . now . . . manifest--in contrast to its concealment heretofore in the eternal purpose of God "before the world began" (Ti2 1:9; Col 1:16; Tit 1:2-3). appearing--the visible manifestation in the flesh. abolished death--Greek, "taken away the power from death" [TITTMANN]. The Greek article before "death" implies that Christ abolished death, not only in some particular instance, but in its very essence, being, and idea, as well as in all its aspects and consequences (Joh 11:26; Rom 8:2, Rom 8:38; Co1 15:26, Co1 15:55; Heb 2:14). The carryi”
- 1 Corinthians (Methodist/Wesleyan) “Adam Clarke on 1 Corinthians 15:21: For since by man came death - Mortality came by Adam, immortality by Christ; so sure as all have been subjected to natural death by Adam, so sure shall all be raised again by Christ Jesus. Mortality and immortality, on a general ground, are the subject of the apostle's reasoning here; and for the explanation of the transgression of Adam, and the redemption by Christ, see the notes on Rom 5:10, etc.”
- Ephesians (Methodist/Wesleyan) “Adam Clarke on Ephesians 1:19: The exceeding greatness of his power - As the apostle is here speaking of the glorious state of believers after death, the exceeding greatness of his power, or that power which surpasses all difficulties, being itself omnipotent, is to be understood of that might which is to be exerted in raising the body at the last day; as it will require the same power or energy which he wrought in Christ, when he raised his body from the grave, to raise up the bodies of all mankind; the resurrection of the human nature of Christ being a proof of the resurrection of mankind in”
- Hebrews (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on Hebrews 7:23: Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost,.... Because he continues ever, and has an unchangeable priesthood. This is to be understood not of temporal salvation, nor of providential favours, but of spiritual and eternal salvation; and includes a deliverance from all evil, here and hereafter, and an enjoyment of all good in this world, and in that to come: Christ was called to this work by his Father; he was promised by him to do it, and was sent by him to effect it, and has accomplished it; and this is the reason of his name Jesus, and was the end of hi”