Is Birthday Celebration Important in Christian Perspective
The Bible records instances of birthday celebrations, though it does not explicitly command or forbid them for Christians. The custom of observing birthdays is ancient, appearing in Genesis 40:20 and Jeremiah 20:15 [1]. Job's sons are described as feasting "every one his day" [1]. These early biblical references suggest that such celebrations were already a recognized practice.
In ancient Persia, birthdays were marked with special honors and banquets, and Egyptian kings' birthdays were celebrated with great pomp [1]. Pharaoh's birthday is noted in Genesis 40:20 as an occasion for feasting [3, 12]. Adam Clarke suggests that the practice of distinguishing a birthday by a feast is very ancient and may have originated from a belief in the immortality of the soul, as the commencement of life would be significant to someone who believed they would live forever [3].
The New Testament mentions Herod's birthday celebration in Matthew 14:6 and Mark 6:21, during which John the Baptist was beheaded [2, 6, 11]. John Gill notes that while Gentiles, including Egyptians and Persians, celebrated the birthdays of princes, Jews generally did not, considering them among the feasts of idolaters [6]. Maimonides, a prominent Jewish scholar, includes an individual's birthday among the festivals celebrated by idolaters, particularly if it involves giving thanks or praise to a false deity [5].
Early Christian writers held varied views. Tertullian, for instance, contrasted Christian observances with the "wantonness" of public festal days, implying a preference for celebrating with a "good conscience" rather than common revelry [8]. Augustine, in his Confessions and Letters, discusses various church practices but does not directly address the celebration of personal birthdays [4, 7, 9]. However, some early Christian traditions did observe specific "birthdays" related to Christ. One ancient catalogue of feasts instructs believers to celebrate the "birthday" of Christ on the twenty-fifth of the ninth month (December 25th) [10].
Sources
- Smith's Bible Dictionary “Smith's Bible Dictionary: Birthday — The custom of observing birthdays is very ancient, (Genesis 40:20; Jeremiah 20:15) and in (Job 1:4) etc., we read that Job's sons "feasted every one his day." In Persia birthdays were celebrated with peculiar honors and banquets, and in Egypt those of the king were kept with great pomp. It is very probable that in (Matthew 14:6) the feast to commemorate Herod's accession is intended, for we know that such feasts were common, and were called "the day of the king." (Hosea 7:5)”
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Birth-day — The observance of birth-days was common in early times (Job 1:4, 13, 18). They were specially celebrated in the land of Egypt (Gen. 40:20). There is no recorded instance in Scripture of the celebration of birth-days among the Jews. On the occasion of Herod's birth-day John the Baptist was beheaded (Matt. 14:6).”
- Genesis (Methodist/Wesleyan) “Adam Clarke on Genesis 40:20: Pharaoh's birthday - The distinguishing a birthday by a feast appears from this place to have been a very ancient custom. It probably had its origin from a correct notion of the immortality of the soul, as the commencement of life must appear of great consequence to that person who believed he was to live for ever. St. Matthew (Mat 14:6) mentions Herod's keeping his birthday; and examples of this kind are frequent to the present time in most nations. Lifted up the head of the chief butler, etc. - By lifting up the head, probably no more is meant than bringing them”
- Schaff ANF/NPNF (Patristic) “NPNF1 Vol 1: Augustine — Confessions, Letters — LETTER LV. or Book II. of Replies to Questions of Januarius. (A.D. 400.) (part 1): CHAP. I. -- I. Having read the letter in which you have put me in mind of my obligation to give answers to the remainder of those questions which you submitted to me a long time ago, I cannot bear to defer any longer the gratification of that desire for instruction which it gives me so much pleasure and comfort to see in you; and although encompassed by an accumulation of engagements, I have given the first place to the work of supplying you with the answers desire”
- Mishneh Torah (Maimonides) (Jewish (Rabbinic)) “Mishneh Torah (Maimonides), Mishneh Torah%2C Foreign Worship and Customs of the Nations 9:5: The day on which the idolaters gather together to crown a king and offer sacrifice and praise to their false deities is considered to be one of their holidays, since it is comparable to their other holidays. In contrast, on a day which is celebrated by an individual idolater as a festival on which he gives thanks and praise to the star he [worships] - for example, his birthday, the day on which he shaves his beard or hair, the day on which he returns from a sea-voyage, the day on which he leaves prison”
- Matthew (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on Matthew 14:6: But when Herod's birthday was kept,.... The birthdays of princes, both of their coming into the world, and accession to the throne of government, were kept by the Gentiles; as by the Egyptians, Gen 40:20 and by the (n) Persians, and Romans (o), and other nations, but not by the Jews; who reckon these among the feasts of idolaters. "These (say they (p)) are the feasts of idolaters; the "Calends", and the "Saturnalia", the time kept in memory of subduing a kingdom (or when a king takes possession of it, the day of his accession), , "and the birthday of kings" (when t”
- Schaff ANF/NPNF (Patristic) “NPNF1 Vol 4: Augustine — Anti-Manichaean, Anti-Donatist — CHAP. 8.--THE FESTIVAL OF THE BIRTH-DAY (part 2): and yet are not afraid of falsehood? But to go back to the point, who that pays attention can help suspecting that the intention of Manichaeus in denying Christ's being born of a woman, and having a human body, was that His passion, the time of which is now a great festival all over the world, might not be observed by the believers in himself, so as to lessen the devotion of the solemn commemoration which he wished in honor of the day of his own death? For to us it was a great attraction”
- Schaff ANF/NPNF (Patristic) “ANF Vol 3: Tertullian — CHAP. XXXV. (part 1): This is the reason, then, why Christians are counted public enemies: that they pay no vain, nor false, nor foolish honours to the emperor; that, as men believing in the true religion, they prefer to celebrate their festal days with a good conscience, instead of with the common wantonness. It is, forsooth, a notable homage to bring fires and couches out before the public, to have feasting from street to street, to turn the city into one great tavern, to make mud with wine, to run in troops to acts of violence, to deeds of shamelessness to lust allur”
- Schaff ANF/NPNF (Patristic) “NPNF1 Vol 1: Augustine — Confessions, Letters — CHAP. IV.-- 12. You say in your letter: 1 "You do not require me to teach you in what sense the apostle says, ' To the Jews I became as a Jew, that I might gain the Jews ;' ' and other such things in (part 4): inconsistency." 10 Again I say: Since you are a bishop, a teacher in the Churches of Christ, if you would prove what you assert, receive any Jew who, after having become a Christian, circumcises any son that may be born to him, observes the Jewish Sabbath, abstains from meats which God has created to be used with thanksgiving, and on the e”
- Schaff ANF/NPNF (Patristic) “ANF Vol 7: Lactantius, Venantius, Asterius, Victorinus, Dionysius — A CATALOGUE OF THE FEASTS OF THE LORD WHICH ARE TO BE KEPT, AND WHEN EACH OF THEM OUGHT TO BE OBSERVED.: XIII. Brethren, observe the festival days; and first of all the birthday which you are to celebrate on the twenty-fifth of the ninth month; after which let the Epiphany be to you the most honoured, in which the Lord made to you a display of His own Godhead, and let it take place on the sixth of the tenth month; after which the fast of Lent is to be observed by you as containing a memorial of our Lord's mode of life and legi”
- Mark (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on Mark 6:21: And when a convenient day was come,.... For Herodias; who had long sought and watched for an opportunity of avenging herself on John, and such a time Herod's birthday proved; though some think, that this phrase is the same with , "a good day"; often used by the Jews for a festival, any one of their feast days; there is a tract in their Misna which bears this name; and that such a day was this. But not one of the festivals of the Jews was this, as either their passover, or pentecost, or feast of tabernacles, which Herod had no regard to; but his own birthday, which he ke”
- Genesis (Nonconformist/Puritan) “Matthew Henry on Genesis 40:20: Here is, 1. The verifying of Joseph's interpretation of the dreams, on the very day prefixed. The chief butler and baker were both advanced, one to his office, the other to the gallows, and both at the three days' end. Note, Very great changes, both for the better and for the worse, often happen in a very little time, so sudden are the revolutions of the wheel of nature. The occasion of giving judgement severally upon their case was the solemnizing of Pharaoh's birthday, on which, all his servants being obliged by custom to attend him, these two came to be enqui”