Jesus' Intercessory Role for Believers Explained
Jesus' Intercessory Role for Believers
Jesus Christ's intercessory role is rooted in his priestly office, which involves making continual intercession for believers. This concept is derived from various biblical passages, including Hebrews 9:12, 24, where it is stated that Jesus appears in the presence of God for believers [1]. The biblical foundation for Jesus' intercession is also seen in Luke 23:34, where Jesus prays for his murderers, and in John 17:20, where he intercedes for his disciples.
The nature of Jesus' intercession is multifaceted. According to Charles Hodge, it involves more than just his continued intervention or agency in the salvation of his people; it is a specific priestly function that he performs in heaven [8]. The Westminster Confession of Faith articulates that Jesus, through his perfect obedience and sacrifice, has fully satisfied God's justice and purchased an everlasting inheritance for those given to him by the Father [11].
The objects of Jesus' intercession are primarily believers, although some traditions suggest that he intercedes generally for all men. The Lutherans, for instance, distinguish between Christ's general intercession for all men and his special intercession for the elect [7]. In the Reformed tradition, John Calvin emphasizes that Christ is the sole mediator between God and man, and that believers are heard by God through Christ alone [10].
The biblical basis for Jesus' intercession is closely tied to his role as mediator. According to 1 Timothy 2:5, Jesus is "one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus" [5]. This mediatorial role is further explained in Hebrews 9:15, where Jesus is described as the mediator of a new covenant, enabling those who are called to receive the promised eternal inheritance [2].
The intercessory work of Jesus is distinct from, yet related to, the intercession of the Holy Spirit. Easton's Bible Dictionary notes that the Spirit acts for Christ, taking only of Christ's things, and that both Christ and the Spirit act with one consent, with Christ as principal and the Spirit as his agent [3].
The significance of Jesus' intercessory role is underscored by its implications for believers' access to God. According to John Calvin, Jesus' intercession enables believers to invoke God with greater freedom, and the author of Hebrews notes that believers have "boldness to enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus" [12].
In contrast to the Roman Catholic view, which posits that the apostles were priests who could continue and perpetuate the priestly office, the Reformed tradition emphasizes that Christ is the sole high priest and mediator between God and man [13]. This understanding is rooted in the biblical teaching that Jesus is the one and only mediator between God and man (1 Tim. 2:5; Heb. 8:6; 9:15; 12:24) [6].
The intercessory role of Jesus is a vital aspect of his ongoing ministry on behalf of believers. As Charles Hodge notes, Jesus' intercession is a priestly function that he performs in heaven, where he appears before God in the presence of believers [9]. This understanding is grounded in the biblical portrayal of Jesus as the faithful witness, the firstborn of the dead, and the ruler of the kings of the earth (Rev. 1:5) [4].
Sources
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Intercession of Christ — Christ's priestly office consists of these two parts, (1) the offering up of himself as a sacrifice, and (2) making continual intercession for us. When on earth he made intercession for his people (Luke 23:34; John 17:20; Heb. 5:7); but now he exercises this function of his priesthood in heaven, where he is said to appear in the presence of God for us (Heb. 9:12, 24). His advocacy with the Father for his people rests on the basis of his own all-perfect sacrifice. Thus he pleads for and obtains the fulfilment of all the promises of the everlas”
- Hebrews “Hebrews 9:15 (BSB) — Therefore Christ is the mediator of a new covenant, so that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance, now that He has died to redeem them from the transgressions committed under the first covenant.”
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Intercession of the Spirit — (Rom. 8:26, 27; John 14:26). "Christ is a royal Priest (Zech. 6:13). From the same throne, as King, he dispenses his Spirit to all the objects of his care, while as Priest he intercedes for them. The Spirit acts for him, taking only of his things. They both act with one consent, Christ as principal, the Spirit as his agent. Christ intercedes for us, without us, as our advocate in heaven, according to the provisions of the everlasting covenant. The Holy Spirit works upon our minds and hearts, enlightening and quickening, and thus determini”
- Revelation “and from Jesus Christ, the faithful witness, the firstborn of the dead, and the ruler of the kings of the earth. To him who loves us, and washed us from our sins by his blood; -- Revelation 1:5”
- King James Version “[KJV] 1 Timothy 1:15 — This is a faithful saying, and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners; of whom I am chief.”
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Mediator — One who intervenes between two persons who are at variance, with a view to reconcile them. This word is not found in the Old Testament; but the idea it expresses is found in Job 9:33, in the word "daysman" (q.v.), marg., "umpire." This word is used in the New Testament to denote simply an internuncius, an ambassador, one who acts as a medium of communication between two contracting parties. In this sense Moses is called a mediator in Gal. 3:19. Christ is the one and only mediator between God and man (1 Tim. 2:5; Heb. 8:6; 9:15; 12:24). He makes reconciliat”
- CCEL (Reformed (Old Princeton)) “Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology, Vol. 2, section 118: 594 § 3. Its Objects. As to the objects of Christ’s intercession, the Lutherans make a distinction between his intercession as general and special. He intercedes generally for all men, and specially for the elect. The former is assumed on the authority of Luke xxiii. 34 , where Christ is represented as praying for his murderers, saying, “Father forgive them; for they know not what they do.” It is said to be due to the intercession of Christ that the wicked are not immediately cut off; that they have the Gospel preached to them, and every”
- CCEL (Reformed (Old Princeton)) “Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology, Vol. 2, section 117: § 2. Its Nature. As to the nature of Christ’s intercession, little can be said. There is error in pressing the representations of Scripture too far; and there is error in explaining them away. This latter error is chargeable on many of the later theologians, who teach that the Scriptures intend, by the intercession of Christ, nothing more than his continued intervention or agency in the salvation of his people. Many of the Lutheran theologians, on the other extreme, err in insisting that this intercession of our Lord in our behalf in hea”
- CCEL (Reformed (Old Princeton)) “Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology, Vol. 2, section 116: § 1. Christ our Intercessor . Under the old dispensation the High Priest, after having offered sacrifices for sin in the outer court, was directed, on the day of atonement, to take the blood of the victims and a censer with burning incense, and to enter within the veil, and there present the blood before God, sprinkling it upon the mercy seat. In like manner, as we are taught by the Apostle, Christ, having offered Himself on the cross as a sacrifice for our sins, has passed through the heavens, there to appear before God in our behalf. H”
- CCEL (Reformed) “John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, section 75: any respect is rejected by God. This shown by examples. Conclusion, or summary of this section. 17. Through whom God is to be invoked—viz. Jesus Christ. This founded on a consideration of the divine majesty, and the precept and promise of God himself. God therefore to be invoked only in the name of Christ. 18. From the first all believers were heard through him only: yet this specially restricted to the period subsequent to his ascension. The ground of this restriction. 19. The wrath of God lies on those who reject Christ as a Medi”
- Westminster Confession of Faith (Reformed) “Westminster Confession of Faith (Reformed, 1646), CHAPTER 8 (part 2): end of the world. 5. The Lord Jesus, by his perfect obedience, and sacrifice of himself, which he, through the eternal Spirit, once offered up unto God, hath fully satisfied the justice of his Father; and purchased, not only reconciliation, but an everlasting inheritance in the kingdom of heaven, for all those whom the Father hath given unto him. 6. Although the work of redemption was not actually wrought by Christ till after his incarnation, yet the virtue, efficacy, and benefits thereof were communicated unto the elect, in”
- CCEL (Reformed) “John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, section 75: than ordinary result, he asserts his office of advocate, and says, that hitherto they had been without the special benefit which it would be their privilege to enjoy, when aided by his intercession they should invoke God with greater freedom. In this sense the Apostle says that we have “boldness to enter into the holiest by the blood of Jesus, by a new and living way, which he hath consecrated for us,” ( Heb. 10:19, 20 ). Therefore, the more inexcusable we are, if we do not with both hands (as it is said) embrace the inestimable gi”
- CCEL (Reformed (Old Princeton)) “Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology, Vol. 3, section 72: He in fact offers nothing, and the whole service is a deceit. Just so certainly, therefore, as the impossible and the unscriptural cannot be true, just so certain is it, that the mass is not a propitiatory sacrifice. 3. The Romish doctrine is that the Apostles were priests, and were invested with authority and power to continue and perpetuate in the Church the priestly office by ordination and the imposition of hands by which the supernatural gifts of the Holy Spirit are conveyed. All this is unscriptural and false. First, because a pries”