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Rahab's Testimony of God's Acts in Egypt

Rahab, a woman of Jericho, demonstrated faith in the God of Israel by recounting His mighty acts in Egypt to the Israelite spies (Joshua 2:9-11). Her testimony specifically referenced the drying up of the Red Sea and the defeat of the Amorite kings Sihon and Og [14]. This acknowledgment of God's power was a crucial element of her faith, leading her to protect the spies and ultimately secure her own salvation and that of her household when Jericho was destroyed [6, 9].

The events Rahab recalled were central to Israel's identity and God's self-revelation. The parting of the Red Sea, for instance, is frequently mentioned in both the Old and New Testaments as a foundational miracle [10]. God explicitly stated His purpose in these acts: "that ye may knowe that I am the Lord" [3]. The signs and wonders performed in Egypt against Pharaoh and his land were a demonstration of divine power [4].

Rahab's confession of faith is highlighted in the New Testament. The Epistle to the Hebrews lists her among those who acted by faith, stating, "By faith the harlot Rahab perished not with them that believed not" (Hebrews 11:31) [7]. Similarly, James cites her as an example of justification by works, noting that she "received the messengers and sent them out by another way" (James 2:25) [7]. Early Christian writers like Clement of Rome also recognized Rahab's faith and hospitality, viewing her actions as a type of salvation for Gentiles [8, 9].

The name "Rahab" itself is sometimes used poetically in the Old Testament to refer to Egypt, signifying "fierceness, insolence, pride" [1, 2, 5]. This usage appears in Psalms 87:4 and 89:10, and Isaiah 51:9 [1, 11, 12]. In this context, God's breaking of "Rahab" refers to His judgment upon Egypt [12, 13]. However, the Rahab of Jericho, whose name means "broad" or "large" [5], stands in contrast to this proud nation, as she humbled herself before the God of Israel.

Sources

  1. Smith's Bible Dictionary “Smith's Bible Dictionary: Rahab — a poetical name of Egypt, (Psalms 89:10; Isaiah 51:9) signifying "fierceness, insolence, pride." Rahab, as a name of Egypt, occurs once only without reference to the exodus: this is in (Psalms 87:4) In (Isaiah 30:7) the name is alluded to.”
  2. Hitchcock's Bible Names “Hitchcock's Bible Names: Rahab — proud; quarrelsome (applied to Egypt)”
  3. Exodus “Exodus 10:2 (Geneva1599) — And that thou maist declare in the eares of thy sonne, and of thy sonnes sonne, what things I haue done in Egypt, and my miracles, which I haue done among them: that ye may knowe that I am the Lord.”
  4. Deuteronomy “Deuteronomy 34:11 (NASB) — for all the signs and wonders which the LORD sent him to perform in the land of Egypt against Pharaoh, all his servants, and all his land,”
  5. Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Rahab — Insolence; pride, a poetical name applied to Egypt in Ps. 87:4; 89:10; Isa. 51:9, as "the proud one." Rahab, (Heb. Rahab; i.e., "broad," "large"). When the Hebrews were encamped at Shittim, in the "Arabah" or Jordan valley opposite Jericho, ready to cross the river, Joshua, as a final preparation, sent out two spies to "spy the land." After five days they returned, having swum across the river, which at this season, the month Abib, overflowed its banks from the melting of the snow on Lebanon. The spies reported how it had fared with them (Josh. 2:1-7). They h”
  6. Smith's Bible Dictionary “Smith's Bible Dictionary: Rahab, Or Rachab — (wide), a celebrated woman of Jericho who received the spies sent by Joshua to spy out the land, hid them in her house from the pursuit of her countrymen, was saved with all her family when the Israelites sacked the city, and became the wife of Salmon and the ancestress of the Messiah. (Joshua 2:1; Matthew 1:5) (B.C. 1450.) She was a "harlot", and probably combined the trade of lodging-keeper for wayfaring men. Her reception of the spies, the artifice by which she concealed them from the king: their escape, and the saving of Rahab and her family at ”
  7. James (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on James 2:25: It is clear from the nature of Rahab's act, that it is not quoted to prove justification by works as such. She believed assuredly what her other countrymen disbelieved, and this in the face of every improbability that an unwarlike few would conquer well-armed numbers. In this belief she hid the spies at the risk of her life. Hence Heb 11:31 names this as an example of faith, rather than of obedience. "By faith the harlot Rahab perished not with them that believed not." If an instance of obedience were wanting. Paul and James would hardly have quoted a w”
  8. Schaff ANF/NPNF (Patristic) “ANF Vol 1: Clement, Polycarp, Ignatius, Barnabas, Papias, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus — CHAP. XX.--THAT ONE GOD FORMED ALL THINGS IN THE WORLD, BY MEANS OF THE WORD AND THE HOLY SPIRIT: AND THAT ALTHOUGH HE IS TO US IN THIS LIFE INVISIBLE AND INCOMPREHENSIBLE, NEVERTHELESS HE IS NOT UNKN (part 12): the camp of the righteous. Thus also did Rahab the harlot, while condemning herself, inasmuch as she was a Gentile, guilty of all sins, nevertheless receive the three spies,(8) who were spying out all the land, and hid them at her home; [which three were] doubtless [a type of] the Father and the Son, to”
  9. Schaff ANF/NPNF (Patristic) “ANF Vol 9: Gospel of Peter, Diatessaron, Origen's Commentaries — CHAP. XII.--THE REWARDS OF FAITH AND HOSPITALITY. RAHAB.: On account of her faith and hospitality, Rahab the harlot was saved. For when spies were sent by Joshua, the son of Nun, to Jericho, the king of the country ascertained that they were come to spy out their land, and sent men to seize them, in order that, when taken, they might be put to death. But the hospitable Rahab receiving them, concealed them on the roof of her house under some stalks of flax. And when the men sent by the king arrived and said, "There came men unto t”
  10. Exodus (Nonconformist/Puritan) “Matthew Henry on Exodus 14:21: We have here the history of that work of wonder which is so often mentioned both in the Old and New Testament, the dividing of the Red Sea before the children of Israel. It was the terror of the Canaanites (Jos 2:9, Jos 2:10), the praise and triumph of the Israelites, Psa 114:3; Psa 106:9; Psa 136:13, Psa 136:14. It was a type of baptism, Co1 10:1, Co1 10:2. Israel's passage through it was typical of the conversion of souls (Isa 11:15), and the Egyptians' perdition in it was typical of the final ruin of all impenitent sinners, Rev 20:14. Here we have, I. An insta”
  11. Psalms (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on Psalms 87:4: I will make mention of Rahab,.... Not of Rahab the harlot, as Jerom and others of the ancients (y) interpret it; for the letters of both words are not the same in Hebrew; though mention is made of her in the Gospel, and Gospel times, in the genealogy of Christ, and by two of the apostles, Mat 1:5, but of Egypt; and so the Targum interprets it, which is so called, as it is in Psa 89:10 either from the pride of its inhabitants, the word having in it the sense of pride and haughtiness, and these being naturally proud and haughty, as Philo (z) the Jew observes; or from so”
  12. Psalms (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on Psalms 89:9: Thou hast broken Rahab in pieces, as one that is slain,.... Or Egypt, as in Psa 87:4 or the Egyptians, and particularly Pharaoh their king; so the Targum explains it, "Rahab or the proud one, this is Pharaoh the wicked;'' who and his people were broken to pieces by the plagues that were brought upon them, especially when all their firstborn were slain; and he and his host were broke in pieces at the Red sea, and were seen by the Israelites on the shore, all dead men; and this was done as easily by the Lord, as one slain with the sword, as a dead carcass which has ”
  13. Job (Lutheran) “Keil & Delitzsch on Job 9:11: 11 Behold, He goeth by me and I see not, And passeth by and I perceive Him not. 12 Behold, He taketh away, who will hold Him back? Who will say to Him: What doest Thou? 13 Eloah restraineth not His anger, The helpers of Rahab stoop under Him - 14 How much less that I should address Him, That I should choose the right words in answer to Him; 15 Because, though I were right, I could not answer, - To Him as my Judge I must make supplication. God works among men, as He works in nature, with a supreme control over all, invisibly, irresistibly, and is not responsible ”
  14. Joshua (Nonconformist/Puritan) “Matthew Henry on Joshua 2:8: The matter is here settled between Rahab and the spies respecting the service she was now to do for them, and the favour they were afterwards to show to her. She secures them on condition that they should secure her. I. She gives them, and by them sends to Joshua and Israel, all the encouragement that could be desired to make their intended descent upon Canaan. this was what they came for, and it was worth coming for. Having got clear of the officers, she comes up to them to the roof of the house where they lay hid, finds them perhaps somewhat dismayed at the peril”
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