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Reformers' View on Progressive Sanctification Theology

The Reformers' view on progressive sanctification theology emphasizes the ongoing work of the Holy Spirit in believers, renewing them in the image of God and enabling them to live a life of righteousness. According to Charles Hodge, sanctification is "the work of God's free grace, whereby we are renewed in the whole man after the image of God, and are enabled more and more to die unto sin and live unto righteousness" [10].

This understanding of sanctification is rooted in biblical teachings, such as Jesus' prayer in John 17:17, where He asks the Father to "sanctify them through thy truth" [6]. The Jamieson-Fausset-Brown commentary notes that this prayer is a request for the advancement and completion of the believers' begun sanctification. Similarly, Easton's Bible Dictionary defines sanctification as "the carrying on to perfection the work begun in regeneration, and it extends to the whole man" [1].

The Reformers distinguished sanctification from justification, emphasizing that justification is a forensic act where God declares the believer righteous, whereas sanctification is a progressive work where God renews the believer's heart and life [9, 10]. As Hodge explains, justification is a "transient act," while sanctification is a "progressive work" [10].

The Puritan and Reformed traditions, represented by commentators like Matthew Henry and John Gill, stress that sanctification is a necessary consequence of justification. Henry argues that the doctrine of justification by faith alone is not a license for sin, but rather a motivation for holy living [4]. Gill similarly emphasizes that justified persons are bound to live a life of holiness and conversation [5].

The Westminster Catechism's definition of sanctification highlights its progressive nature, stating that believers are "enabled more and more to die unto sin and live unto righteousness" [10]. This understanding is echoed in the Jamieson-Fausset-Brown commentary on Hebrews 10:14, which notes that the development of sanctification is "progressive" [2].

The Reformers also rejected the idea of perfectionism, which holds that believers can attain complete sinlessness in this life. Hodge argues that the Protestant doctrine is that "sanctification is never perfected in this life; that sin is not in any case entirely subdued" [8]. This view is in contrast to certain Roman Catholic teachings, which conflate justification and sanctification, defining justification as "the remission of sin and infusion of new habits of grace" [9].

In the view of the Reformers, progressive sanctification is a vital aspect of the Christian life, where believers are continually renewed and empowered to live a life of obedience to God. As the Jamieson-Fausset-Brown commentary on 1 Peter 3:15 notes, believers are called to "sanctify Christ as Lord" in their hearts, enshrining Him as holy and being ready to give an answer to those who ask about their faith [3].

The Reformers' emphasis on progressive sanctification is not limited to individual holiness but is also connected to the believer's union with Christ. As Hodge notes, sanctification is a work that is carried out in the believer through the Holy Spirit, who enables them to live a life that is pleasing to God [7].

Sources

  1. Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Sanctification — Involves more than a mere moral reformation of character, brought about by the power of the truth: it is the work of the Holy Spirit bringing the whole nature more and more under the influences of the new gracious principles implanted in the soul in regeneration. In other words, sanctification is the carrying on to perfection the work begun in regeneration, and it extends to the whole man (Rom. 6:13; 2 Cor. 4:6; Col. 3:10; 1 John 4:7; 1 Cor. 6:19). It is the special office of the Holy Spirit in the plan of redemption to carry on this work (1 Cor. 6:1”
  2. Hebrews (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on Hebrews 10:14: For--The sacrifice being "for ever" in its efficacy (Heb 10:12) needs no renewal. them that are sanctified--rather as Greek, "them that are being sanctified." The sanctification (consecration to God) of the elect (Pe1 1:2) believers is perfect in Christ once for all (see on Heb 10:10). (Contrast the law, Heb 7:19; Heb 9:9; Heb 10:1). The development of that sanctification is progressive.”
  3. 1 Peter (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on 1 Peter 3:15: sanctify--hallow; honor as holy, enshrining Him in your hearts. So in the Lord's Prayer, Mat 6:9. God's holiness is thus glorified in our hearts as the dwelling-place of His Spirit. the Lord God--The oldest manuscripts read "Christ." Translate, "Sanctify Christ as Lord." and--Greek, "but," or "moreover." Besides this inward sanctification of God in the heart, be also ready always to give, &c. answer--an apologetic answer defending your faith. to every man that asketh you--The last words limit the universality of the "always"; not to a roller, ”
  4. Romans (Nonconformist/Puritan) “Matthew Henry on Romans 6:1: The apostle's transition, which joins this discourse with the former, is observable: "What shall we say then? Rom 6:1. What use shall we make of this sweet and comfortable doctrine? Shall we do evil that good may come, as some say we do? Rom 3:8. Shall we continue in sin that grace may abound? Shall we hence take encouragement to sin with so much the more boldness, because the more sin we commit the more will the grace of God be magnified in our pardon? Is this a use to be made of it?" No, it is an abuse, and the apostle startles at the thought of it (Rom 6:2): "Go”
  5. Romans (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on Romans 6 (introduction): INTRODUCTION TO ROMANS 6 The Apostle having finished his design concerning the doctrine of justification, refutes the charge brought against it as a licentious doctrine, and prevents any ill use that might be made of it by men of evil minds, justified persons by the strongest arguments, and with the best of motives to holiness of life and conversation: he saw, that whereas he had affirmed in the preceding chapter, that sin being made to abound by the law, in the condemnation of sinners, the grace of God the more abounded in their justification and pardon”
  6. John (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on John 17:17: Sanctify them--As the former prayer, "Keep them," was "negative," asking protection for them from the poisonous element which surrounded and pressed upon their renewed nature, so this prayer, "Sanctify them," is positive, asking the advancement and completion of their begun sanctification. through--in. thy truth--God's revealed truth, as the medium or element of sanctification; a statement this of immense importance. thy word is truth--(Compare Joh 15:3; Col 1:5; Eph 1:13).”
  7. CCEL (Reformed (Old Princeton)) “Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology, Vol. 3, section 5: his condemnation not being avoided, but rather increased, by his baptismal privilege.” 61 61 A Church Dictionary, by Walter Farquhar Hook, D. D., Vicar of Leeds, article, “Conversion”; 6th edit., Philadelphia, 1854. 3. A third form of doctrine on this subject, held by some divines of this church, is that regeneration properly expresses an external change of relation, and not an internal change of the state of the soul and of its relation to God. As a proselyte was regenerated when he professed himself a Jew, so any one initiated into the v”
  8. CCEL (Reformed (Old Princeton)) “Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology, Vol. 3, section 36: § 7. Perfectionism. Protestant Doctrine. The doctrine of Lutherans and Reformed, the two great branches of the Protestant Church, is, that sanctification is never perfected in this life; that sin is not in any case entirely subdued; so that the most advanced believer has need as long as he continues in the flesh, daily to pray for the forgiveness of sins. The question is not as to the duty of believers. All admit that we are bound to be perfect as our Father in heaven is perfect. Nor is it a question as to the command of God; for the firs”
  9. CCEL (Reformed (Old Princeton)) “Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology, Vol. 3, section 19: § 2. Justification is a Forensic Act. By this the Reformers intended, in the first place, to deny the Romish doctrine of subjective justification. That is, that justification consists in an act or agency of God making the sinner subjectively holy. Romanists confound or unite justification and sanctification. They define justification as “the remission of sin and infusion of new habits of grace.” By remission of sin they mean not simply pardon, but the removal of everything of the nature of sin from the soul. Justification, therefore, with”
  10. CCEL (Reformed (Old Princeton)) “Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology, Vol. 3, section 30: § 1. Its Nature. Sanctification in the Westminster Catechism is said to be “the work of God’s free grace, whereby we are renewed in the whole man after the image of God, and are enabled more and more to die unto sin and live unto righteousness.” Agreeably to this definition, justification differs from sanctification, (1.) In that the former is a transient act, the latter a progressive work. (2.) Justification is a forensic act, God acting as judge, declaring justice satisfied so far as the believing sinner is concerned, whereas sanctifica”
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