Restoring Peace and Surrendering to God's Sovereignty Completely
Restoring Peace and Surrendering to God's Sovereignty
Restoring peace and surrendering to God's sovereignty are intertwined concepts rooted in biblical teachings and Christian theology. The biblical concept of peace is closely tied to the idea of reconciliation, which involves a change from enmity to friendship between God and humanity [1]. This reconciliation is achieved through the work of Christ, who "abolished in his flesh" the enmity between Jews and Gentiles, creating a new humanity and making peace [11].
The biblical basis for understanding peace and surrender lies in various passages. In Zephaniah 3:9, God promises to restore "pure lips to the peoples, that all may call upon the name of the LORD and serve Him shoulder to shoulder" [3]. This restoration is a key aspect of God's plan to bring peace among nations. In the New Testament, 1 Corinthians 15:24 speaks of the end times when Christ will "deliver up the Kingdom to God, even the Father" after abolishing all rule and authority and power [2]. This eschatological vision underscores the ultimate surrender of all things to God's sovereignty.
The concept of peace offerings in the Old Testament also sheds light on the idea of restoring peace. The peace offering, or "thank offering," was a sacrifice that symbolized reconciliation and fellowship with God [5]. This offering was not mandatory but was given voluntarily as an expression of gratitude and commitment to God, as seen in Psalms 50:14, which exhorts, "Sacrifice to God confession, And complete to the Most High thy vows" [4].
In Christian theology, the restoration of peace is closely linked to the doctrine of reconciliation. According to the Reformed tradition, as represented by John Calvin, reconciliation involves the restoration of humanity to God's favor through the mediation of Christ. This is not a change in God's character but a satisfaction of justice against humanity's sin, making it possible for humans to be reconciled to God [6, 7]. The Patristic tradition, as seen in Augustine's writings, emphasizes that true peace is achieved through the subjugation of vices to reason and the obedience of humans to God's will [10].
Surrendering to God's sovereignty is a crucial aspect of restoring peace. This involves acknowledging God's supreme authority and will, as expressed in the Psalms, where it is written that the angels "do his commandments, hearkening unto the voice of his word" [9]. For humans, surrender means living in accordance with God's will, resisting vices, and seeking God's grace to do one's duty [10].
Different Christian traditions have nuanced understandings of peace and surrender. The Lutheran tradition, as represented by the Augsburg Confession, emphasizes the importance of maintaining good conscience in religious practices and the need for bishops to be flexible in their demands to retain the obedience of the people [12]. The Methodist/Wesleyan tradition, as seen in Adam Clarke's commentary, highlights the role of Christ's incarnation and death in making atonement for sin and promoting reconciliation and love among humans [11].
The Jewish tradition, as represented in the Babylonian Talmud, also values peace, to the extent that it is considered a mitzva (commandment) to depart from the truth in order to preserve peace [8].
Sources
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Reconcilation — A change from enmity to friendship. It is mutual, i.e., it is a change wrought in both parties who have been at enmity. (1.) In Col. 1:21, 22, the word there used refers to a change wrought in the personal character of the sinner who ceases to be an enemy to God by wicked works, and yields up to him his full confidence and love. In 2 Cor. 5:20 the apostle beseeches the Corinthians to be "reconciled to God", i.e., to lay aside their enmity. (2.) Rom. 5:10 refers not to any change in our disposition toward God, but to God himself, as the party reconcile”
- 1 Corinthians “Then the end comes, when he will deliver up the Kingdom to God, even the Father; when he will have abolished all rule and all authority and power. -- 1 Corinthians 15:24”
- Zephaniah “Zephaniah 3:9 (BSB) — For then I will restore pure lips to the peoples, that all may call upon the name of the LORD and serve Him shoulder to shoulder.”
- Psalms “Psalms 50:14 (YLT) — Sacrifice to God confession, And complete to the Most High thy vows.”
- Smith's Bible Dictionary “Smith's Bible Dictionary: Thank Offering, Or Peace Offering — the properly eucharistic offering among the Jews, in its theory resembling the meat offering and therefore indicating that the offerer was already reconciled to and in covenant with God. Its ceremonial is described in (Leviticus 3:1) ... The peace offerings, unlike other sacrifices, were not ordained to be offered in fixed and regular course. The only constantly-recurring peace offering appears to have been that of the two firstling lambs at Pentecost. (Leviticus 23:19) The general principle of the peace offering seems to have been ”
- 2 Corinthians (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on 2 Corinthians 5:18: all--Greek, "THE." things--all our privileges in this new creation (Co2 5:14-15). reconciled us--that is, restored us ("the world," Co2 5:19) to His favor by satisfying the claims of justice against us. Our position judicially considered in the eye of the law is altered, not as though the mediation of Christ had made a change in God's character, nor as if the love of God was produced by the mediation of Christ; nay, the mediation and sacrifice of Christ was the provision of God's love, not its moving cause (Rom 8:32). Christ's blood was the ”
- Colossians (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on Colossians 1:20: And by him to reconcile all things to himself,.... This depends upon the preceding verse, and is to be connected with that phrase in it, it pleased the Father, Col 1:19; and the sense is, that it was the good will and pleasure of God from all eternity, as to lay up all fulness in Christ for his chosen people, so to reconcile them to himself by him; and which is another reason why Christ is, and ought to be considered as the head of the church, whose reconciliation he has procured, and why he ought to have the chief place in all things, and among all persons. Recon”
- Babylonian Talmud (Jewish (Rabbinic)) “Babylonian Talmud, Yevamot 65b.8: Rabbi Natan says: It is a mitzva to depart from the truth in order to preserve peace, as it is stated: “And Samuel said: How can I go, and Saul will hear and kill me” (I Samuel 16:2). God responded in the next verse that Samuel should say he went to sacrifice an offering, indicating that God commands one to lie in order to preserve peace.”
- CCEL (Reformed) “John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, section 75: For although devils and men rise in tumult against him, he is able by his incomprehensible counsel not only to turn aside their violence, but make it subservient to the execution of his decrees. What we here speak of is another will of God, namely, that of which voluntary obedience is the counterpart; and, therefore, heaven is expressly contrasted with earth, because, as is said in The Psalms, the angels “do his commandments, hearkening unto the voice of his word,” ( Ps. 103:20 ). We are, therefore, enjoined to pray that as everyth”
- Schaff ANF/NPNF (Patristic) “NPNF1 Vol 2: Augustine — City of God, Christian Doctrine — CHAP. 27.--THAT THE PEACE OF THOSE WHO SERVE GOD CANNOT IN THIS MORTAL LIFE BE APPREHENDED IN ITS PERFECTION. (part 2): his soul, and his vices, even when they rebel, to his reason, which either defeats or at least resists them; and also that he beg from God grace to do his duty,(10) and the pardon of his sins, and that he render to God thanks for all the blessings he receives. But, in that final peace to which all our righteousness has reference, and for the sake of which it is maintained, as our nature shall enjoy a sound immortality”
- Ephesians (Methodist/Wesleyan) “Adam Clarke on Ephesians 2:15: Having abolished in his flesh - By his incarnation and death he not only made an atonement for sin, but he appointed the doctrine of reconciliation to God, and of love to each other, to be preached in all nations; and thus glory was brought to God in the highest, and on earth, peace and good will were diffused among men. The enmity of which the apostle speaks was reciprocal among the Jews and Gentiles. The former detested the Gentiles, and could hardly allow them the denomination of men; the latter had the Jews in the most sovereign contempt, because of the pecul”
- Augsburg Confession (Lutheran) “Augsburg Confession (Lutheran, 1530), 69 But the bishops might easily retain the lawful obedience of: 69 But the bishops might easily retain the lawful obedience of the people if they would not insist upon the observance of such traditions as cannot be kept with a good conscience. 70 Now they command celibacy; they admit none unless they swear that they will not teach 71 the pure doctrine of the Gospel. The churches do not ask that the bishops should restore concord at the expense of their honor; which, nevertheless, 72 it would be proper for good pastors to do. They ask only that they would r”