Satan's Influence on Judas in the Gospel of John
The Gospel of John, alongside Luke's Gospel, explicitly states that Satan entered Judas Iscariot, influencing his betrayal of Jesus [1, 2]. This event marks a critical juncture in the narrative of Jesus' passion.
The term "Satan" itself, derived from the Hebrew satan, means "adversary" [3, 5]. In the Old Testament, it is used both as a generic term for an adversary and as a proper name for a specific spiritual entity [3]. In the New Testament, "Satan" is often used interchangeably with "Diabolos" or "the devil," and he is also referred to as "the dragon," "the old serpent," "the prince of this world," and "the god of this world" [5]. He is characterized as the "accuser of the brethren" [6].
The Gospels describe Satan's influence on Judas in two distinct moments. Luke 22:3 states, "And Satan came into Judas Iscariot, who was one of the twelve" [1]. This occurred when Judas was already negotiating with the chief priests and officers to betray Jesus [11]. John Gill notes that Satan did not enter Judas corporeally, but rather "into his heart," stirring up his corruptions and suggesting evil thoughts [12]. Adam Clarke suggests that Satan filled Judas's heart with avarice, leading him to commit the betrayal [14].
The second instance is recorded in John 13:27, after Jesus had given Judas a piece of bread (the "sop") during the Last Supper: "And when Judas took the bread Satan went into him" [2]. Jesus then told Judas, "Do quickly what you have to do" [2]. Augustine of Hippo addresses the apparent chronological difference between Luke's account and John's, noting that Luke places Satan's entry before the sop, while John places it after [11]. However, Augustine also emphasizes the gravity of Judas's act, comparing it to partaking of the Lord's body unworthily [8].
Commentators interpret this second entry of Satan as a deepening of Judas's commitment to his wicked plan. John Gill suggests that after receiving the sop, Satan "possessed his body, and filled his mind, and stirred him up more eagerly to pursue with rigour his wicked design" [10]. The Tyndale House commentary on John 13:27 views Judas as an example of someone consumed by darkness, becoming a "pawn" for Satan in the struggle against light [9]. This commentary also highlights Jesus's statement, "Hurry and do what you’re going to do," as an assertion of Jesus's control over the events, rather than human or satanic control [9].
The narrative suggests that Judas, who is identified as "a man of Kerioth" [4, 7], had a nature that gradually succumbed to evil until Satan entered him [4]. Some interpretations suggest that Judas had already refused to believe and was "engulfed by darkness" before this final act, making him Satan's pawn [13]. The instigation by Satan is seen as a key factor in Judas's resolution to betray Jesus, especially after the incident with the anointing at Bethany, which reportedly provoked Judas's avarice [15].
Sources
- Luke “Luke 22:3 (BBE) — And Satan came into Judas Iscariot, who was one of the twelve.”
- John “John 13:27 (BBE) — And when Judas took the bread Satan went into him. Then Jesus said to him, Do quickly what you have to do.”
- Smith's Bible Dictionary “Smith's Bible Dictionary: Satan — The word itself, the Hebrew satan, is simply an "adversary," and is so used in (1 Samuel 29:4; 2 Samuel 19:22; 1 Kings 6:4; 11:14,23,25; Numbers 22:22,33; Psalms 109:6) This original sense is still found in our Lord's application of the name to St. Peter in (Matthew 16:23) It is used as a proper name or title only four times in the Old Testament, vis. (with the article) in (Job 1:6; 12; 2:1; Zechariah 2:1) and without the article in (1 Chronicles 21:1) It is with the scriptural revelation on the subject that we are here concerned; and it is clear, from this si”
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Judas — The Graecized form of Judah. (1.) The patriarch (Matt. 1:2, 3). (2.) Son of Simon (John 6:71; 13:2, 26), surnamed Iscariot, i.e., a man of Kerioth (Josh. 15:25). His name is uniformly the last in the list of the apostles, as given in the synoptic (i.e., the first three) Gospels. The evil of his nature probably gradually unfolded itself till "Satan entered into him" (John 13:27), and he betrayed our Lord (18:3). Afterwards he owned his sin with "an exceeding bitter cry," and cast the money he had received as the wages of his iniquity down on the floor of the s”
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Satan — Adversary; accuser. When used as a proper name, the Hebrew word so rendered has the article "the adversary" (Job 1:6-12; 2:1-7). In the New Testament it is used as interchangeable with Diabolos, or the devil, and is so used more than thirty times. He is also called "the dragon," "the old serpent" (Rev. 12:9; 20:2); "the prince of this world" (John 12:31; 14:30); "the prince of the power of the air" (Eph. 2:2); "the god of this world" (2 Cor. 4:4); "the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience" (Eph. 2:2). The distinct personality of Satan and h”
- Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Accuser — Satan is styled the "accuser of the brethren" (Rev. 12:10. Comp. Job 1:6; Zech. 3:1), as seeking to uphold his influence among men by bringing false charges against Christians, with the view of weakening their influence and injuring the cause with which they are identified. He was regarded by the Jews as the accuser of men before God, laying to their charge the violations of the law of which they were guilty, and demanding their punishment. The same Greek word, rendered "accuser," is found in John 8:10 (but omitted in the Revised Version); Acts 23:30, 35; 2”
- Smith's Bible Dictionary “Smith's Bible Dictionary: Judas Iscariot — (Judas of Kerioth). He is sometimes called "the son of Simon," (John 6:71; 13:2,26) but more commonly ISCARIOTES. (Matthew 10:4; Mark 3:19; Luke 6:16) etc. The name Iscariot has received many interpretations more of less conjectural. The most probable is from Ish Kerioth, i.e. "man of Kerioth," a town in the tribe of Judah. (Joshua 15:25) Of the life of Judas before the appearance of his name in the lists of the apostles we know absolutely nothing. What that appearance implies, however, is that he had previously declared himself a disciple. He was dra”
- Schaff ANF/NPNF (Patristic) “NPNF1 Vol 7: Augustine — Homilies on John — CHAPTER XIII. 26-31. (part 2): eat the bread or drink the cup of the Lord unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord." (1) And when the apostle said this, he was dealing with those who were taking the body of the Lord, like any other food, in an undiscerning and careless spirit. If, then, he is thus taken to task who does not discern, that is, does not distinguish from the other kinds of food, the body of the Lord, what condemnation must be his, who in the guise of a friend comes as an enemy to His table! If negligence in the guest”
- John (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on John 13:27: 13:27 When Satan entered into Judas (see Luke 22:3), Judas became an example of what happens to those who are consumed by the darkness. Satan uses such people as pawns in a wider struggle against the light. • Hurry and do what you’re going to do: In issuing this command, Jesus once again showed that he was in control, not human beings or Satan (see study note on John 7:30).”
- John (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on John 13:27: And after the sop, Satan entered into him,.... After he had taken and eaten the sop, or crust of bread, by which he was pointed out to be the betrayer, "Satan entered into him"; possessed his body, and filled his mind, and stirred him up more eagerly to pursue with rigour his wicked design. The Jews have a saying (l), that "no man commits a transgression, until , "a spirit of madness enters into him".'' Such an evil spirit entered into Judas, which pushed him on to commit this horrid iniquity: then said Jesus to him, that thou doest, do quickly; this he said, not”
- Schaff ANF/NPNF (Patristic) “NPNF1 Vol 6: Augustine — Homilies on the Gospels — CHAP. I.--OF THE METHOD IN WHICH THE FOUR EVANGELISTS ARE SHOWN TO BE AT ONE IN THE ACCOUNTS GIVEN OF THE LORD'S SUPPER AND THE INDICATION OF HIS BETRAYER. (part 3): only of standing in antagonism to Luke, who had stated before this, that Satan entered into the heart of Judas at the time when he made his bargain with the Jews to betray Him on receipt of a sum of money, but also of contradicting himself. For, at an earlier point, and previous to [his notice of] the receiving of this sop, he had made use of these terms: "And supper being ended, ”
- Luke (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on Luke 22:3: Then entered Satan into Judas,.... At the same time that the sanhedrim were sitting, and consulting about the death of Christ, Satan, or the adversary, as the word signifies, the devil, who is the enemy of the Messiah, the woman's seed, entered into Judas; not corporeally, as he did into those that were possessed by him; but he entered "into his heart", as the Ethiopic version renders it; he put it into his heart to betray him, as it is said in Joh 13:2 he stirred up, and worked upon the corruptions of his heart; suggested evil things to his mind, and baited his temptat”
- John (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on John 13:2: 13:2 Judas . . . Iscariot, who had refused to believe, was engulfed by darkness and had become Satan’s pawn (cp. study note on 12:39-40).”
- Luke (Methodist/Wesleyan) “Adam Clarke on Luke 22:3: Then entered Satan into Judas - The devil filled the heart of Judas with avarice; and that infamous passion led him to commit the crime here specified. This at once accounts for the whole of this most unprincipled and unnatural transaction. None but a devil, or he who is possessed by one, could have been guilty of it: - let the living lay this to heart. A minister of the Gospel, who is a lover of money, is constantly betraying the interests of Christ. He cannot serve two masters; and while his heart is possessed with the love of self, the love of God and zeal for peri”
- Matthew (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on Matthew 26:14: Then one of the twelve, called Judas Iscariot,.... Who was provoked and exasperated, to the last degree, by this action of the woman, and Christ's defence of it, and because the ointment was not sold, and the money put into his hand; and being instigated by Satan, who had now entered into him, formed a scheme in his mind to betray his master, and was resolved to put it in execution, whereby he might, in some measure, satisfy both his avarice and revenge; and, as an aggravation of this his wickedness, he is described, as "one of the twelve": of his twelve disciples; ”