Biblical Concept of Redemption and Sin Relationship

Redemption in Scripture denotes the purchase back of something lost through the payment of a ransom. The Greek term apolutrosis appears nine times in the New Testament, consistently carrying the idea of a price paid—a lutron—as seen in Christ's declaration that he came "to give his life a ransom for many" (Matthew 20:28; Mark 10:45) ^[1]. The Hebrew concept of the goel, the kinsman-redeemer charged with restoring rights and avenging wrongs, provides the Old Testament background for this doctrine (Leviticus 25:48–49; Numbers 5:8; Ruth 4:1) ^[6]. Christ fulfills this role by becoming the Son of man to redeem humanity as our kinsman ^[16].

The Nature of Sin Requiring Redemption

Sin establishes a condition of bondage and enmity that necessitates redemption. Human beings are born sinners, inheriting a corrupt nature from the fall ^{[9, 11]}. The first transgression was not merely disobedience but "a love of self, dishonor to God, ingratitude to a benefactor... a preference of the creature to the Creator" ^[11]. This original corruption persists even after regeneration, with believers retaining both the guilt of actual sins and the sin of their old nature ^[14]. Deliberate sins reflect an insolent or arrogant attitude, constituting rebellion against God ^[12].

The universality of sin places both Gentiles and Jews under its power, rendering them unable to find favor with God through their own actions ^[13]. God's anger toward sin is not emotional volatility but the necessary response of a holy God to human wickedness ^[13]. Those who imitate the devil become his children not through generation but through corruption, for "from the devil there is not generation, but corruption" ^[10].

Redemption Through Christ's Blood

The mechanism of redemption centers on Christ's sacrificial death. Believers possess redemption "by the blood of Christ" (Acts 20:28; Hebrews 9:12; 1 Peter 1:19; Revelation 5:9) ^[7]. Colossians 1:14 identifies redemption directly with "the forgiveness of sins" ^[3]. This redemption delivers from multiple forms of bondage: the curse and bondage of the law (Galatians 3:13; 4:5), the power of sin (Romans 6:18, 22), the power of the grave (Psalm 49:15), all iniquity (Psalm 130:8; Titus 2:14), and vain conversation (1 Peter 1:18) ^[7].

Through Christ's sacrifice, sin is "taken, and put away, finished, and made an end of," freeing believers from both the damning power of sin and any obligation to punishment ^[17]. This redemption operates through vicarious expiation—guilt visited with punishment falling on a substitute who consents to stand in our place ^[4]. The ark's mercy seat (hilasterion in the Septuagint) typified this covering that shut out the law's claims against God's people, making him propitious toward them ^[4].

Reconciliation as Redemption's Consequence

Redemption effects reconciliation, a mutual change from enmity to friendship. In one sense, reconciliation refers to the transformation wrought in the sinner's character, who ceases to be God's enemy through wicked works and yields full confidence and love to him (Colossians 1:21–22) ^[2]. Paul's appeal to the Corinthians to "be reconciled to God" (2 Corinthians 5:20) calls them to lay aside their enmity ^[2]. Yet Romans 5:10 points to a change in God himself as the reconciled party ^[2].

The Old Testament sacrificial system distinguished between sin offerings and trespass offerings, with the sin offering most distinctly marking propitiation and atonement for sin (Leviticus 4, 6) ^[8]. The ceremonial requirement that the guilty party confess sin, make full restitution, add a fifth part, and give it to the wronged party (Numbers 5:7) ^[5] established the pattern of acknowledgment and reparation that redemption fulfills.

Isaiah 1:27 presents redemption as simultaneously temporal, civil, and moral—a type of spiritual redemption through Christ's blood, which becomes the foundation of judgment and righteousness and thus of pardon ^[19]. God's justice displayed in delivering his covenant people produced righteousness in them, prefiguring how believers become God's possession through Christ (1 Corinthians 6:19–20; 7:23) ^{[15, 16]}. Daniel's intercessory prayer, identifying himself with his people's sin and confessing it, exemplifies the posture ordained to precede redemption's fulfillment ^[18].

Sources

Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Redemption — The purchase back of something that had been lost, by the payment of a ransom. The Greek word so rendered is apolutrosis, a word occurring nine times in Scripture, and always with the idea of a ransom or price paid, i.e., redemption by a lutron (see Matt. 20:28; Mark 10:45). There are instances in the LXX. Version of the Old Testament of the use of lutron in man's relation to man (Lev. 19:20; 25:51; Ex. 21:30; Num. 35:31, 32; Isa. 45:13; Prov. 6:35), and in the same sense of man's relation to God (Num. 3:49; 18:15). There are many passages in the New Tes”
Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Reconcilation — A change from enmity to friendship. It is mutual, i.e., it is a change wrought in both parties who have been at enmity. (1.) In Col. 1:21, 22, the word there used refers to a change wrought in the personal character of the sinner who ceases to be an enemy to God by wicked works, and yields up to him his full confidence and love. In 2 Cor. 5:20 the apostle beseeches the Corinthians to be "reconciled to God", i.e., to lay aside their enmity. (2.) Rom. 5:10 refers not to any change in our disposition toward God, but to God himself, as the party reconcile”
Colossians “Colossians 1:14 (LEB) — in whom we have the redemption, the forgiveness of sins,”
Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Expiation — Guilt is said to be expiated when it is visited with punishment falling on a substitute. Expiation is made for our sins when they are punished not in ourselves but in another who consents to stand in our room. It is that by which reconciliation is effected. Sin is thus said to be "covered" by vicarious satisfaction. The cover or lid of the ark is termed in the LXX. hilasterion, that which covered or shut out the claims and demands of the law against the sins of God's people, whereby he became "propitious" to them. The idea of vicarious expiation runs thro”
Numbers “then he shall confess his sin which he has done, and he shall make restitution for his guilt in full, and add to it the fifth part of it, and give it to him in respect of whom he has been guilty. -- Numbers 5:7”
Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Redeemer — Heb. goel; i.e., one charged with the duty of restoring the rights of another and avenging his wrongs (Lev. 25:48, 49; Num. 5:8; Ruth 4:1; Job 19:25; Ps. 19:14; 78:35, etc.). This title is peculiarly applied to Christ. He redeems us from all evil by the payment of a ransom (q.v.). (See [524]REDEMPTION.)”
Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Redemption — Defined -- 1Co 6:20; 7:23. Is of God -- Isa 44:21-23; 43:1; Lu 1:68. Is by Christ -- Mt 20:28; Ga 3:13. Is by the blood of Christ -- Ac 20:28; Heb 9:12; 1Pe 1:19; Re 5:9. Christ sent to effect -- Ga 4:4,5. Christ is made, to us -- 1Co 1:30. Is from The bondage of the law. -- Ga 4:5. The curse of the law. -- Ga 3:13. The power of sin. -- Ro 6:18,22. The power of the grave. -- Ps 49:15. All troubles. -- Ps 25:22. All iniquity. -- Ps 130:8; Tit 2:14. All evil. -- Ge 48:16. The present evil world. -- Ga 1:4. Vain conversation. -- 1Pe 1:18. Enemies. -- Ps 106”
Smith's Bible Dictionary “Smith's Bible Dictionary: Sin Offering — The sin offering among the Jews was the sacrifice in which the ideas of propitiation and of atonement for sin were most distinctly marked. The ceremonial of the sin offering is described in Levi 4 and 6. The trespass offering is closely connected with the sin offering in Leviticus, but at the same time clearly distinguished from it, being in some cases offered with it as a distinct part of the same sacrifice; as, for example, in the cleansing of the leper. Levi 14. The distinction of ceremonial clearly indicates a difference in the idea of the two sacri”
Psalms (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on Psalms 58:3: 58:3 All human beings are born sinners (see 51:5); however, whereas the wicked indulge their sinful nature, the godly fight against it (Rom 7:19-23; Jas 4:1-10).”
1 John (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on 1 John 3:8: He that committeth sin is of the devil--in contrast to "He that doeth righteousness," Jo1 3:7. He is a son of the devil (Jo1 3:10; Joh 8:44). John does not, however, say, "born of the devil." as he does "born of God," for "the devil begets none, nor does he create any; but whoever imitates the devil becomes a child of the devil by imitating him, not by proper birth" [AUGUSTINE, Ten Homilies on the First Epistle of John, Homily 4.10]. From the devil there is not generation, but corruption [BENGEL]. sinneth from the beginning--from the time that any beg”
Genesis (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on Genesis 3:13: beguiled--cajoled by flattering lies. This sin of the first pair was heinous and aggravated--it was not simply eating an apple, but a love of self, dishonor to God, ingratitude to a benefactor, disobedience to the best of Masters--a preference of the creature to the Creator.”
Psalms (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on Psalms 19:13: 19:13 An individual who commits deliberate sins does so with an insolent (86:14) or arrogant (119:21, 69) attitude. • The great sin is rebellion (see 32:1).”
Romans (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on Romans 1:18: 1:18–3:20 Paul delays exploring the theme of righteousness through faith (see 3:21) until after he first teaches about universal sinfulness. Gentiles (1:18-32) and Jews (2:1–3:8) are equally under sin’s power and cannot find favor with God by any action of their own (3:9-20). 1:18 God’s anger is not a spontaneous emotional outburst, but the holy God’s necessary response to sin. The Old Testament often depicts God’s anger (Exod 32:10-12; Num 11:1; Jer 21:3-7) and predicts a decisive outpouring of God’s wrath on human sin at the end of history. While Paul usually de”
1 John (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on 1 John 1:10: Parallel to Jo1 1:8. we have not sinned--referring to the commission of actual sins, even after regeneration and conversion; whereas in Jo1 1:8, "we have no sin," refers to the present GUILT remaining (until cleansed) from the actual sins committed, and to the SIN of our corrupt old nature still adhering to us. The perfect "have . . . sinned" brings down the commission of sins to the present time, not merely sins committed before, but since, conversion. we make him a liar--a gradation; Jo1 1:6, "we lie"; Jo1 1:8, "we deceive ourselves"; worst of al”
1 Corinthians (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on 1 Corinthians 3:23: 3:23 Just as they may now claim everything as their own, so Christ has claimed them for himself (see Rom 14:7-9), and in Christ they are ultimately claimed by God (see 1 Cor 6:19-20; 7:23).”
Ephesians (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on Ephesians 1:7: In whom--"the Beloved" (Eph 1:6; Rom 3:24). we have--as a present possession. redemption--Greek, "our (literally, 'the') redemption"; THE redemption which is the grand subject of all revelation, and especially of the New Testament (Rom 3:24), namely, from the power, guilt, and penal consequences of sin (Mat 1:21). If a man were unable to redeem himself from being a bond-servant, his kinsman might redeem him (Lev 25:48). Hence, antitypically the Son of God became the Son of man, that as our kinsman He might redeem us (Mat 20:28). Another "redempti”
Colossians (Baptist/Reformed) “John Gill on Colossians 1:14: In whom we have redemption,.... Which is an excellent and wonderful blessing of grace saints have in and by Christ; and lies in a deliverance from sin, all sin, original and actual, under which they are held captive, in a state of nature, and by which they are made subject to the punishment of death; but through the sacrifice of Christ it is taken, and put away, finished, and made an end of; and they are freed from the damning power of it, or any obligation to punishment for it; and in consequence of this are delivered from the enslaving governing power of it by h”
Daniel (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on Daniel 9:4: my confession--according to God's promises in Lev 26:39-42, that if Israel in exile for sin should repent and confess, God would remember for them His covenant with Abraham (compare Deu 30:1-5; Jer 29:12-14; Jam 4:10). God's promise was absolute, but prayer also was ordained as about to precede its fulfilment, this too being the work of God in His people, as much as the external restoration which was to follow. So it shall be at Israel's final restoration (Psa 102:13-17). Daniel takes his countrymen's place of confession of sin, identifying himself with”
Isaiah (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on Isaiah 1:27: redeemed--temporarily, civilly, and morally; type of the spiritual redemption by the price of Jesus Christ's blood (Pe1 1:18-19), the foundation of "judgment" and "righteousness," and so of pardon. The judgment and righteousness are God's first (Isa 42:21; Rom 3:26); so they become man's when "converted" (Rom 8:3-4); typified in the display of God's "justice," then exhibited in delivering His covenant-people, whereby justice or "righteousness" was produced in them. converts--so MAURER. But Margin, "they that return of her," namely the remnant that re”

Ask Your Own Question