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Understanding Christian Views on Homosexuality and Romantic Love

Christian perspectives on love and human relationships are deeply rooted in biblical teachings and have been expounded upon by theologians across various traditions. The concept of "affection" in the Bible refers to feelings or emotions, with distinctions drawn between "vile affections" (Romans 1:26) and "inordinate affection" (Colossians 3:5), and the exhortation for Christians to set their affections on "things above" (Colossians 3:2) [1]. This highlights a spiritual dimension to human emotions, suggesting that affections can be rightly or wrongly directed.

Love, particularly in its Christian understanding, is often presented as a foundational virtue. The Apostle Paul emphasizes the importance of being "knit together in love" (Colossians 2:2). John Calvin, in his Institutes of the Christian Religion, explains that the precept of love extends to the "most remote stranger," though he acknowledges that "the closer the relation the more frequent our offices of kindness should be" [9]. This suggests a hierarchy of duties based on proximity and relationship, without limiting the scope of love. Charles Hodge, in his Systematic Theology, notes that love is an "invariable and necessary attendant and consequent of saving faith," implying that genuine faith naturally produces love [10]. He also discusses the power of Christ's "self-sacrificing love" as a transformative force [3].

The concept of "flesh" and its desires is also central to understanding Christian views on human behavior. Adam Clarke, in his commentary on Galatians 5:24, states that "all genuine Christians have crucified the flesh," meaning they have "nailed their sensual appetites to the cross of Christ" [4]. This implies a spiritual struggle against desires that are contrary to God's will. Augustine, in City of God, discusses "perturbations of the soul" and "right affections," indicating that not all emotions are inherently good or bad, but their moral quality depends on their alignment with divine principles [7]. He also distinguishes between loving a person for their inherent humanity and hating what is sinful in them, even in the context of marriage [6].

The relationship between the sexes is also addressed. Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on 1 Corinthians 11:11 notes that "neither sex is insulated and independent of the other in the Christian life," and that "the man and the woman together...realize the ideal of redeemed humanity represented by the bride, the Church" [8]. This emphasizes a complementary relationship between men and women within the Christian framework. Thomas Aquinas, in his Summa Theologica, discusses the "sensitive appetite" or "sensuality" as part of human nature assumed by Christ, indicating that these aspects are part of the created order, though subject to the will of reason [2].

Early Christian writers also cautioned against misdirected affections. Clement of Alexandria, in ANF Vol 2, warns against an "unholy kiss, full of poison, counterfeiting sanctity," and states that "a kiss is not love," clarifying that the true love meant is "the love of God" [5]. This highlights the importance of discerning between genuine, God-centered love and potentially deceptive or licentious expressions.

Sources

  1. Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Affection — Feeling or emotion. Mention is made of "vile affections" (Rom. 1:26) and "inordinate affection" (Col. 3:5). Christians are exhorted to set their affections on things above (Col. 3:2). There is a distinction between natural and spiritual or gracious affections (Ezek. 33:32).”
  2. theology (Catholic (Scholastic)) “Aquinas, Summa Theologica, Third Part (Tertia Pars), Of Christ's Unity of Will, Art. 2: Article: Whether in Christ there was a will of sensuality besides the will of reason? I answer that, As was said (Question [9], Article [1]), the Son of God assumed human nature together with everything pertaining to the perfection of human nature. Now in human nature is included animal nature, as the genus in its species. Hence the Son of God must have assumed together with the human nature whatever belongs to animal nature; one of which things is the sensitive appetite, which is called the sensuality. Con”
  3. CCEL (Reformed (Old Princeton)) “Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology, Vol. 2, section 111: his willingness to forgive sin, and as confirming to us the truth of those doctrines He is entitled to be regarded as the Saviour of men. Thirdly, others again regard the power of Christ in saving men from sin, as not due to his teaching, or to his sealing his doctrines with his blood, but to the manifestation which He made of self-sacrificing love. This exerts a greater power over the hearts of men than all else besides. If the wicked cannot be reclaimed by love, which manifests itself not only in words of gentleness, by acts of kindnes”
  4. Galatians (Methodist/Wesleyan) “Adam Clarke on Galatians 5:24: And they that are Christ's - All genuine Christians have crucified the flesh - are so far from obeying its dictates and acting under its influence, that they have crucified their sensual appetites; they have nailed them to the cross of Christ, where they have expired with him; hence, says St. Paul, Rom 6:6, our old man - the flesh, with its affections and lusts, is crucified with him, that the body of sin might be destroyed, that henceforth we should not serve sin. By which we see that God has fully designed to save all who believe in Christ from all sin, whether”
  5. Schaff ANF/NPNF (Patristic) “ANF Vol 2: Hermas, Tatian, Theophilus, Athenagoras, Clement of Alexandria — CHAP. XI.--A COMPENDIOUS VIEW OF THE CHRISTIAN LIFE. (part 15): is worthily tested, we dispense the affection of the soul by a chaste and closed mouth, by which chiefly gentle manners are expressed. But there is another unholy kiss, full of poison, counterfeiting sanctity. Do you not know that spiders, merely by touching the mouth, afflict men with pain? And often kisses inject the poison of licentiousness. It is then very manifest to us, that a kiss is not love. For the love meant is the love of God. "And this is the ”
  6. Schaff ANF/NPNF (Patristic) “NPNF1 Vol 6: Augustine — Homilies on the Gospels — CHAP. XV.--40. But it is rather that statement which the Lord Himself makes in another passage which is wont to disturb the minds of the little ones, who nevertheless earnestly desire to live now acco (part 2): the corruptible and mortal conjugal connection and sexual intercourse: i.e. to love in her what is characteristic of a human being, to hate what belongs to her as a wife. So also he loves his enemy, not in as far as he is an enemy, but in as far as he is a man; so that he wishes the same prosperity to come to him as to himself, viz. tha”
  7. Schaff ANF/NPNF (Patristic) “NPNF1 Vol 2: Augustine — City of God, Christian Doctrine — CHAP. 9.--OF THE PERTURBATIONS OF THE SOUL WHICH APPEAR AS RIGHT AFFECTIONS IN THE LIFE OF THE RIGHTEOUS. (part 1): But so far as regards this question of mental perturbations, we have answered these philosophers in the ninth book(9) of this work, showing that it is rather a verbal than a real dispute, and that they seek contention rather than truth. Among ourselves, according to the sacred Scriptures and sound doctrine, the citizens of the holy city of God, who live according to God in the pilgrimage Of this life, both fear and desire”
  8. 1 Corinthians (Presbyterian) “Jamieson, Fausset & Brown on 1 Corinthians 11:11: Yet neither sex is insulated and independent of the other in the Christian life [ALFORD]. The one needs the other in the sexual relation; and in respect to Christ ("in the Lord"), the man and the woman together (for neither can be dispensed with) realize the ideal of redeemed humanity represented by the bride, the Church.”
  9. CCEL (Reformed) “John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, section 44: than to ourselves. 55. Our Saviour having shown, in the parable of the Samaritan ( Luke 10:36 ), that the term neighbour comprehends the most remote stranger, there is no reason for limiting the precept of love to our own connections. I deny not that the closer the relation the more frequent our offices of kindness should be. For the condition of humanity requires that there be more duties in common between those who are more nearly connected by the ties of relationship, or friendship, or neighbourhood. And this is done without any”
  10. CCEL (Reformed (Old Princeton)) “Charles Hodge, Systematic Theology, Vol. 3, section 14: § 6. Faith and Love. As to the relation between faith and love there are three different views: — 1. That love is the ground of faith; that men believe the truth because they love it. Faith is founded on feeling. This view has already been sufficiently discussed. 2. That love is the invariable and necessary attendant and consequent of saving faith. As no man can see and believe a thing to be morally good without the feeling of approbation; so no one can see and believe the glory of God as revealed in the Scriptures without adoring reveren”
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