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Understanding the Concept of Love in Christianity

Christianity understands love as a foundational concept, originating from God and expressed through human relationships. The Greek word agape is frequently used in the New Testament to describe this divine love, distinct from other forms of affection [8]. While agape implies judgment and deliberate choice, philein (often translated as "love" or "affection") suggests a more emotional attachment [8].

The Bible presents love as an attribute of God himself, stating, "God, is, love" (1 John 4:16) [7]. This divine love is not contingent on human merit; rather, "love consists in this: not that we loved God, but that He loved us and sent His Son as the atoning sacrifice for our sins" (1 John 4:10) [2, 4]. This act of sending Christ is seen as the ultimate measure of God's love for humanity [12]. The love of Christ "surpasses knowledge," yet believers are encouraged to "know this love" to be "filled with all the fullness of God" (Ephesians 3:19) [5, 12, 13]. John Chrysostom notes the difficulty in fully grasping the extent of God's love, even for those who acknowledge its existence [14].

Love is also presented as a core characteristic and command for believers. Christians are exhorted to "let us be loving one another; because, love, is, of God, and, whosoever loveth, of God, hath been born, and is getting to understand God" (1 John 4:7) [6]. This love is a fruit of the Holy Spirit within believers, leading to growth in knowledge and understanding [15, 17]. Christian love is rooted in knowing the truth, which is understood as the presence of God living within believers [16].

The expression of love in Christian life involves several dimensions:

In the present life, faith, hope, and love are said to abide, with love being the means by which believers demonstrate obedience to God and goodwill towards others [18]. The Hebrew term a.hav also encompasses various forms of love, including human love (familial, sexual, self-love), human appetite for objects, human love for God, and God's love for humanity and righteousness [3, 10].

Sources

  1. Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Affection — Feeling or emotion. Mention is made of "vile affections" (Rom. 1:26) and "inordinate affection" (Col. 3:5). Christians are exhorted to set their affections on things above (Col. 3:2). There is a distinction between natural and spiritual or gracious affections (Ezek. 33:32).”
  2. I John “I John 4:10 (BSB) — And love consists in this: not that we loved God, but that He loved us and sent His Son as the atoning sacrifice for our sins.”
  3. STEPBible TBESG “[H0160] H0160 = (H0160) — 1) love<br>1a) human love for human object<br>1a1) of man toward man<br>1a2) of man toward himself<br>1a3) between man and woman<br>1a4) sexual desire<br>2) God's love to His people”
  4. 1 John “In this is love, not that we loved God, but that he loved us, and sent his Son as the atoning sacrifice for our sins. -- 1 John 4:10”
  5. Ephesians “Ephesians 3:19 (BSB) — of the love of Christ, and to know this love that surpasses knowledge, that you may be filled with all the fullness of God.”
  6. I John “I John 4:7 (Rotherham) — Beloved! let us be loving one another; because, love, is, of God, and, whosoever loveth, of God, hath been born, and is getting to understand God:”
  7. I John “I John 4:16 (Rotherham) — And, we, have come to understand and to trust the love which, God, hath, in us. God, is, love; and, he that abideth in love, in God, abideth, and, God, in him [abideth].”
  8. Easton's Bible Dictionary “Easton's Bible Dictionary: Love — This word seems to require explanation only in the case of its use by our Lord in his interview with "Simon, the son of Jonas," after his resurrection (John 21:16, 17). When our Lord says, "Lovest thou me?" he uses the Greek word agapas; and when Simon answers, he uses the Greek word philo, i.e., "I love." This is the usage in the first and second questions put by our Lord; but in the third our Lord uses Simon's word. The distinction between these two Greek words is thus fitly described by Trench:, "Agapan has more of judgment and deliberate choice; philein ha”
  9. Torrey's Topical Textbook “Torrey's Topical Textbook: Love to Christ — Exhibited by God -- Mt 17:5; Joh 5:20. Exhibited by saints -- 1Pe 1:8. His personal excellence is deserving of -- Song 5:9-16. His love to us a motive to -- 2Co 5:14. Manifested in Seeking him. -- Song 3:2. Obeying him. -- Joh 14:15,21,23. Ministering to him. -- Mt 27:55; 25:40. Preferring him to all others. -- Mt 10:37. Taking up the cross for Him. -- Mt 10:38. A characteristic of saints -- Song 1:4. An evidence of adoption -- Joh 8:42. Should be Sincere. -- Eph 6:24. With the soul. -- Song 1:7. In proportion to our mercies. -- Lu 7:47. Supreme. -- ”
  10. STEPBible TBESG “[H0157] H0157G = (H0157G) — : lover<br>1) to love<br>1a) (Qal)<br>1a1) human love for another, includes family, and sexual<br>1a2) human appetite for objects such as food, drink, sleep, wisdom<br>1a3) human love for or to God<br>1a4) act of being a friend<br>1a4a) lover (participle)<br>1a4b) friend (participle)<br>1a5) God's love toward man<br>1a5a) to individual men<br>1a5b) to people Israel<br>1a5c) to righteousness<br>1b) (Niphal)<br>1b1) lovely (participle)<br>1b2) loveable (participle)<br>1c) (Piel)<br>1c1) friends<br>1c2) lovers (fig. of adulterers)<br>2) to like<BR>Also means: <i>a.hav<”
  11. 1 Corinthians (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on 1 Corinthians 13:4: 13:4-7 This description of Christian love emphasizes the willingness to give up one’s own desires for the good of others (see also 8:1–10:33; Rom 5:6-8; 15:3; 2 Cor 8:9; Phil 2:4-8).”
  12. Ephesians (Methodist/Wesleyan) “Adam Clarke on Ephesians 3:19: To know the love of Christ, which passeth knowledge - It is only by the love of Christ that we can know the love of God: the love of God to man induced him to give Christ for his redemption; Christ's love to man induced him to give his life's blood for his salvation. The gift of Christ to man is the measure of God's love; the death of Christ for man is the measure of Christ's love. God so loved the world, etc. Christ loved us, and gave himself for us. But how can the love of Christ, which passeth knowledge, be known? Many have labored to reconcile this seeming co”
  13. Ephesians (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on Ephesians 3:19: 3:19 May you experience (literally know) the love of Christ: The whole Christian life is based on the experience and personal knowledge of God’s grace and love in Jesus Christ (see Rom 12:1). • it is too great to understand fully: Christ’s love is much greater than ordinary human love (see Rom 5:6-8). • The believer’s life is made complete when it is filled with all the fullness of life and power by the presence of Christ within (see Eph 1:23; Gal 2:20; Col 1:27). The believer then is conformed to his image and reflects God (see Eph 4:14, 24; 5:1-2; Rom 8:29; 2”
  14. CCEL/NPNF (Eastern Orthodox) “John Chrysostom, Homilies on Galatians–Colossians–Thessalonians: the love of God, it was necessary for Paul to pray, and there was need of the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, who by following mere reasonings shall understand the nature of Christ? And why is it a difficult thing to learn that God loveth us? Beloved, it is extremely difficult. For some know not even this; wherefore, they even say, numberless evils come to be in the world; and others know not the extent of this love. Nor, indeed, is Paul seeking to know its extent, nor with any view to measure it; for how could he? but only to und”
  15. Philippians (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on Philippians 1:9: 1:9-10 Love is a fruit of Christ’s Spirit within believers (Rom 5:5; Gal 5:22). • growing in knowledge and understanding: In this way, believers can understand what really matters (see Rom 12:2) and live pure and blameless lives until the day of Christ’s return (cp. 1 Thes 3:12-13; 5:23).”
  16. 2 John (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on 2 John 1:2: 1:2 Christian love is rooted in knowing the truth. The truth that lives in us is more than just facts or doctrine; it is the presence of God (see John 14:15-17), who will be with us forever.”
  17. Phil (Protestant academic) “Tyndale House on Phil 1:9: 1:9-10 Love is a fruit of Christ’s Spirit within believers (Rom 5:5; Gal 5:22). • growing in knowledge and understanding: In this way, believers can understand what really matters (see Rom 12:2) and live pure and blameless lives until the day of Christ’s return (cp. 1 Thes 3:12-13; 5:23).”
  18. 1 Corinthians (Methodist/Wesleyan) “Adam Clarke on 1 Corinthians 13:13: And now [in this present life] abideth faith, hope, charity - These three supply the place of that direct vision which no human embodied spirit can have; these abide or remain for the present state. Faith, by which we apprehend spiritual blessings, and walk with God. Hope, by which we view and expect eternal blessedness, and pass through things temporal so as not to lose those which are eternal. Charity or love, by which we show forth the virtues of the grace which we receive by faith in living a life of obedience to God, and of good will and usefulness to m”
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